Merge arlied/drm-next into drm-misc-next
We need to pull 66660d4cf21b (drm: add connector info/property for non-desktop displays [v2]) into drm-misc-next to continue the development of the display rotation series. Effectively this also pulls 4.15-r2 into drm-misc-next. Signed-off-by: Gustavo Padovan <gustavo.padovan@collabora.com>
This commit is contained in:
Gustavo Padovan
55
.gitignore
vendored
55
.gitignore
vendored
@ -7,38 +7,40 @@
|
||||
# command after changing this file, to see if there are
|
||||
# any tracked files which get ignored after the change.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Normal rules
|
||||
# Normal rules (sorted alphabetically)
|
||||
#
|
||||
.*
|
||||
*.a
|
||||
*.bin
|
||||
*.bz2
|
||||
*.c.[012]*.*
|
||||
*.dtb
|
||||
*.dtb.S
|
||||
*.dwo
|
||||
*.elf
|
||||
*.gcno
|
||||
*.gz
|
||||
*.i
|
||||
*.ko
|
||||
*.ll
|
||||
*.lst
|
||||
*.lz4
|
||||
*.lzma
|
||||
*.lzo
|
||||
*.mod.c
|
||||
*.o
|
||||
*.o.*
|
||||
*.a
|
||||
*.order
|
||||
*.patch
|
||||
*.s
|
||||
*.ko
|
||||
*.so
|
||||
*.so.dbg
|
||||
*.mod.c
|
||||
*.i
|
||||
*.lst
|
||||
*.symtypes
|
||||
*.order
|
||||
*.elf
|
||||
*.bin
|
||||
*.tar
|
||||
*.gz
|
||||
*.bz2
|
||||
*.lzma
|
||||
*.xz
|
||||
*.lz4
|
||||
*.lzo
|
||||
*.patch
|
||||
*.gcno
|
||||
*.ll
|
||||
modules.builtin
|
||||
Module.symvers
|
||||
*.dwo
|
||||
*.su
|
||||
*.c.[012]*.*
|
||||
*.symtypes
|
||||
*.tar
|
||||
*.xz
|
||||
Module.symvers
|
||||
modules.builtin
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Top-level generic files
|
||||
@ -53,6 +55,11 @@ Module.symvers
|
||||
/System.map
|
||||
/Module.markers
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# RPM spec file (make rpm-pkg)
|
||||
#
|
||||
/*.spec
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Debian directory (make deb-pkg)
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
9
.mailmap
9
.mailmap
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ Adriana Reus <adi.reus@gmail.com> <adriana.reus@intel.com>
|
||||
Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
|
||||
Alan Cox <root@hraefn.swansea.linux.org.uk>
|
||||
Aleksey Gorelov <aleksey_gorelov@phoenix.com>
|
||||
Aleksandar Markovic <aleksandar.markovic@mips.com> <aleksandar.markovic@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
|
||||
Al Viro <viro@zenIV.linux.org.uk>
|
||||
Andreas Herrmann <aherrman@de.ibm.com>
|
||||
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ Corey Minyard <minyard@acm.org>
|
||||
Damian Hobson-Garcia <dhobsong@igel.co.jp>
|
||||
David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
|
||||
David Woodhouse <dwmw2@shinybook.infradead.org>
|
||||
Deng-Cheng Zhu <dengcheng.zhu@mips.com> <dengcheng.zhu@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
|
||||
Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org>
|
||||
Douglas Gilbert <dougg@torque.net>
|
||||
@ -71,6 +73,8 @@ James E Wilson <wilson@specifix.com>
|
||||
James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org> <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
|
||||
James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org> <james@albanarts.com>
|
||||
James Ketrenos <jketreno@io.(none)>
|
||||
Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> <jgg@mellanox.com>
|
||||
Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> <jgunthorpe@obsidianresearch.com>
|
||||
Javi Merino <javi.merino@kernel.org> <javi.merino@arm.com>
|
||||
<javier@osg.samsung.com> <javier.martinez@collabora.co.uk>
|
||||
Jean Tourrilhes <jt@hpl.hp.com>
|
||||
@ -100,6 +104,8 @@ Leonid I Ananiev <leonid.i.ananiev@intel.com>
|
||||
Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
|
||||
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@web.de>
|
||||
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@ascom.ch>
|
||||
Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@mips.com> <macro@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Marcin Nowakowski <marcin.nowakowski@mips.com> <marcin.nowakowski@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
|
||||
Martin Kepplinger <martink@posteo.de> <martin.kepplinger@theobroma-systems.com>
|
||||
Martin Kepplinger <martink@posteo.de> <martin.kepplinger@ginzinger.com>
|
||||
@ -114,9 +120,11 @@ Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
|
||||
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> Matthew Ranostay <mranostay@embeddedalley.com>
|
||||
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> <matt.ranostay@intel.com>
|
||||
Matt Ranostay <matt.ranostay@konsulko.com> <matt@ranostay.consulting>
|
||||
Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com> <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Mayuresh Janorkar <mayur@ti.com>
|
||||
Michael Buesch <m@bues.ch>
|
||||
Michel Dänzer <michel@tungstengraphics.com>
|
||||
Miodrag Dinic <miodrag.dinic@mips.com> <miodrag.dinic@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Mitesh shah <mshah@teja.com>
|
||||
Mohit Kumar <mohit.kumar@st.com> <mohit.kumar.dhaka@gmail.com>
|
||||
Morten Welinder <terra@gnome.org>
|
||||
@ -127,6 +135,7 @@ Mythri P K <mythripk@ti.com>
|
||||
Nguyen Anh Quynh <aquynh@gmail.com>
|
||||
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
|
||||
Patrick Mochel <mochel@digitalimplant.org>
|
||||
Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Peter A Jonsson <pj@ludd.ltu.se>
|
||||
Peter Oruba <peter@oruba.de>
|
||||
Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@amd.com>
|
||||
|
||||
9
CREDITS
9
CREDITS
@ -2113,6 +2113,10 @@ S: J. Obrechtstr 23
|
||||
S: NL-5216 GP 's-Hertogenbosch
|
||||
S: The Netherlands
|
||||
|
||||
N: Ashley Lai
|
||||
E: ashleydlai@gmail.com
|
||||
D: IBM VTPM driver
|
||||
|
||||
N: Savio Lam
|
||||
E: lam836@cs.cuhk.hk
|
||||
D: Author of the dialog utility, foundation
|
||||
@ -3333,6 +3337,10 @@ S: Braunschweiger Strasse 79
|
||||
S: 31134 Hildesheim
|
||||
S: Germany
|
||||
|
||||
N: Marcel Selhorst
|
||||
E: tpmdd@selhorst.net
|
||||
D: TPM driver
|
||||
|
||||
N: Darren Senn
|
||||
E: sinster@darkwater.com
|
||||
D: Whatever I notice needs doing (so far: itimers, /proc)
|
||||
@ -4128,7 +4136,6 @@ D: MD driver
|
||||
D: EISA/sysfs subsystem
|
||||
S: France
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Don't add your name here, unless you really _are_ after Marc
|
||||
# alphabetically. Leonard used to be very proud of being the
|
||||
# last entry, and he'll get positively pissed if he can't even
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
||||
What: /proc/sys/vm/nr_pdflush_threads
|
||||
Date: June 2012
|
||||
Contact: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
|
||||
Description: Since pdflush is replaced by per-BDI flusher, the interface of old pdflush
|
||||
exported in /proc/sys/vm/ should be removed.
|
||||
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Description:
|
||||
Kernel code may export it for complete or partial access.
|
||||
|
||||
GPIOs are identified as they are inside the kernel, using integers in
|
||||
the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/gpio.txt for more information.
|
||||
the range 0..INT_MAX. See Documentation/gpio/gpio.txt for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
/sys/class/gpio
|
||||
/export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,3 +41,73 @@ KernelVersion: 4.5
|
||||
Contact: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: The 16 bit vendor ID of the device
|
||||
Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and user level RDMA libraries
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/cpu
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: VCPU (sub)channel is affinitized to
|
||||
Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and other debuggig tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/cpu
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: VCPU (sub)channel is affinitized to
|
||||
Users: tools/hv/lsvmbus and other debuggig tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/in_mask
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Inbound channel signaling state
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/latency
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Channel signaling latency
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/out_mask
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Outbound channel signaling state
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/pending
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Channel interrupt pending state
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/read_avail
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Bytes availabble to read
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/write_avail
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Bytes availabble to write
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/events
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Number of times we have signaled the host
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/vmbus/devices/vmbus_*/channels/relid/interrupts
|
||||
Date: September. 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Stephen Hemminger <sthemmin@microsoft.com>
|
||||
Description: Number of times we have taken an interrupt (incoming)
|
||||
Users: Debugging tools
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
# Note: This documents additional properties of any device beyond what
|
||||
# is documented in Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt
|
||||
# is documented in Documentation/admin-guide/sysfs-rules.rst
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/*/of_node
|
||||
Date: February 2015
|
||||
|
||||
41
Documentation/ABI/testing/dell-smbios-wmi
Normal file
41
Documentation/ABI/testing/dell-smbios-wmi
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
What: /dev/wmi/dell-smbios
|
||||
Date: November 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: "Mario Limonciello" <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Perform SMBIOS calls on supported Dell machines.
|
||||
through the Dell ACPI-WMI interface.
|
||||
|
||||
IOCTL's and buffer formats are defined in:
|
||||
<uapi/linux/wmi.h>
|
||||
|
||||
1) To perform an SMBIOS call from userspace, you'll need to
|
||||
first determine the minimum size of the calling interface
|
||||
buffer for your machine.
|
||||
Platforms that contain larger buffers can return larger
|
||||
objects from the system firmware.
|
||||
Commonly this size is either 4k or 32k.
|
||||
|
||||
To determine the size of the buffer read() a u64 dword from
|
||||
the WMI character device /dev/wmi/dell-smbios.
|
||||
|
||||
2) After you've determined the minimum size of the calling
|
||||
interface buffer, you can allocate a structure that represents
|
||||
the structure documented above.
|
||||
|
||||
3) In the 'length' object store the size of the buffer you
|
||||
determined above and allocated.
|
||||
|
||||
4) In this buffer object, prepare as necessary for the SMBIOS
|
||||
call you're interested in. Typically SMBIOS buffers have
|
||||
"class", "select", and "input" defined to values that coincide
|
||||
with the data you are interested in.
|
||||
Documenting class/select/input values is outside of the scope
|
||||
of this documentation. Check with the libsmbios project for
|
||||
further documentation on these values.
|
||||
|
||||
6) Run the call by using ioctl() as described in the header.
|
||||
|
||||
7) The output will be returned in the buffer object.
|
||||
|
||||
8) Be sure to free up your allocated object.
|
||||
@ -7,17 +7,37 @@ Description:
|
||||
HMAC-sha1 value across the extended attributes, storing the
|
||||
value as the extended attribute 'security.evm'.
|
||||
|
||||
EVM depends on the Kernel Key Retention System to provide it
|
||||
with a trusted/encrypted key for the HMAC-sha1 operation.
|
||||
The key is loaded onto the root's keyring using keyctl. Until
|
||||
EVM receives notification that the key has been successfully
|
||||
loaded onto the keyring (echo 1 > <securityfs>/evm), EVM
|
||||
can not create or validate the 'security.evm' xattr, but
|
||||
returns INTEGRITY_UNKNOWN. Loading the key and signaling EVM
|
||||
should be done as early as possible. Normally this is done
|
||||
in the initramfs, which has already been measured as part
|
||||
of the trusted boot. For more information on creating and
|
||||
loading existing trusted/encrypted keys, refer to:
|
||||
Documentation/keys-trusted-encrypted.txt. (A sample dracut
|
||||
patch, which loads the trusted/encrypted key and enables
|
||||
EVM, is available from http://linux-ima.sourceforge.net/#EVM.)
|
||||
EVM supports two classes of security.evm. The first is
|
||||
an HMAC-sha1 generated locally with a
|
||||
trusted/encrypted key stored in the Kernel Key
|
||||
Retention System. The second is a digital signature
|
||||
generated either locally or remotely using an
|
||||
asymmetric key. These keys are loaded onto root's
|
||||
keyring using keyctl, and EVM is then enabled by
|
||||
echoing a value to <securityfs>/evm:
|
||||
|
||||
1: enable HMAC validation and creation
|
||||
2: enable digital signature validation
|
||||
3: enable HMAC and digital signature validation and HMAC
|
||||
creation
|
||||
|
||||
Further writes will be blocked if HMAC support is enabled or
|
||||
if bit 32 is set:
|
||||
|
||||
echo 0x80000002 ><securityfs>/evm
|
||||
|
||||
will enable digital signature validation and block
|
||||
further writes to <securityfs>/evm.
|
||||
|
||||
Until this is done, EVM can not create or validate the
|
||||
'security.evm' xattr, but returns INTEGRITY_UNKNOWN.
|
||||
Loading keys and signaling EVM should be done as early
|
||||
as possible. Normally this is done in the initramfs,
|
||||
which has already been measured as part of the trusted
|
||||
boot. For more information on creating and loading
|
||||
existing trusted/encrypted keys, refer to:
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation/security/keys/trusted-encrypted.rst. Both dracut
|
||||
(via 97masterkey and 98integrity) and systemd (via
|
||||
core/ima-setup) have support for loading keys at boot
|
||||
time.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ Description:
|
||||
Specifies the output powerdown mode.
|
||||
DAC output stage is disconnected from the amplifier and
|
||||
1kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via an 1kOhm resistor,
|
||||
2.5kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 2.5kOhm resistor,
|
||||
6kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 6kOhm resistor,
|
||||
20kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 20kOhm resistor,
|
||||
90kohm_to_gnd: connected to ground via a 90kOhm resistor,
|
||||
@ -1242,9 +1243,9 @@ What: /sys/.../iio:deviceX/in_distance_raw
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.0
|
||||
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
This attribute is used to read the distance covered by the user
|
||||
since the last reboot while activated. Units after application
|
||||
of scale are meters.
|
||||
This attribute is used to read the measured distance to an object
|
||||
or the distance covered by the user since the last reboot while
|
||||
activated. Units after application of scale are meters.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/store_eeprom
|
||||
KernelVersion: 3.4.0
|
||||
|
||||
@ -16,3 +16,13 @@ Description:
|
||||
the motion sensor is placed. For example, in a laptop a motion
|
||||
sensor can be located on the base or on the lid. Current valid
|
||||
values are 'base' and 'lid'.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/id
|
||||
Date: Septembre 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
This attribute is exposed by the CrOS EC legacy accelerometer
|
||||
driver and represents the sensor ID as exposed by the EC. This
|
||||
ID is used by the Android sensor service hardware abstraction
|
||||
layer (sensor HAL) through the Android container on ChromeOS.
|
||||
|
||||
4
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc
Normal file
4
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-mmc
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/mmc/devices/.../rev
|
||||
Date: October 2017
|
||||
Contact: Jin Qian <jinqian@android.com>
|
||||
Description: Extended CSD revision number
|
||||
@ -110,3 +110,51 @@ Description: When new NVM image is written to the non-active NVM
|
||||
is directly the status value from the DMA configuration
|
||||
based mailbox before the device is power cycled. Writing
|
||||
0 here clears the status.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/key
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: This contains name of the property directory the XDomain
|
||||
service exposes. This entry describes the protocol in
|
||||
question. Following directories are already reserved by
|
||||
the Apple XDomain specification:
|
||||
|
||||
network: IP/ethernet over Thunderbolt
|
||||
targetdm: Target disk mode protocol over Thunderbolt
|
||||
extdisp: External display mode protocol over Thunderbolt
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/modalias
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: Stores the same MODALIAS value emitted by uevent for
|
||||
the XDomain service. Format: tbtsvc:kSpNvNrN
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcid
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: This contains XDomain protocol identifier the XDomain
|
||||
service supports.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcvers
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: This contains XDomain protocol version the XDomain
|
||||
service supports.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcrevs
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: This contains XDomain software version the XDomain
|
||||
service supports.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/<xdomain>.<service>/prtcstns
|
||||
Date: Jan 2018
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: thunderbolt-software@lists.01.org
|
||||
Description: This contains XDomain service specific settings as
|
||||
bitmask. Format: %x
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../firmware
|
||||
Date: October 2016
|
||||
Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com>
|
||||
Description: Remote processor firmware
|
||||
|
||||
Reports the name of the firmware currently loaded to the
|
||||
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Description: Remote processor firmware
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/class/remoteproc/.../state
|
||||
Date: October 2016
|
||||
Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com>
|
||||
Contact: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@mips.com>
|
||||
Description: Remote processor state
|
||||
|
||||
Reports the state of the remote processor, which will be one of:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -260,19 +260,3 @@ Description:
|
||||
|
||||
This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and
|
||||
hibernation.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_remote_wakeup
|
||||
Date: September 2012
|
||||
Contact: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
The /sys/devices/.../power/pm_qos_remote_wakeup attribute
|
||||
is used for manipulating the PM QoS "remote wakeup required"
|
||||
flag. If set, this flag indicates to the kernel that the
|
||||
device is a source of user events that have to be signaled from
|
||||
its low-power states.
|
||||
|
||||
Not all drivers support this attribute. If it isn't supported,
|
||||
it is not present.
|
||||
|
||||
This attribute has no effect on system-wide suspend/resume and
|
||||
hibernation.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -187,7 +187,8 @@ Description: Processor frequency boosting control
|
||||
This switch controls the boost setting for the whole system.
|
||||
Boosting allows the CPU and the firmware to run at a frequency
|
||||
beyound it's nominal limit.
|
||||
More details can be found in Documentation/cpu-freq/boost.txt
|
||||
More details can be found in
|
||||
Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.rst
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu#/crash_notes
|
||||
@ -223,7 +224,8 @@ Description: Parameters for the Intel P-state driver
|
||||
no_turbo: limits the driver to selecting P states below the turbo
|
||||
frequency range.
|
||||
|
||||
More details can be found in Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt
|
||||
More details can be found in
|
||||
Documentation/admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.rst
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cache/index*/<set_of_attributes_mentioned_below>
|
||||
Date: July 2014(documented, existed before August 2008)
|
||||
|
||||
21
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e17
Normal file
21
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e17
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/19-<id>/speed
|
||||
Date: Sep 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Jan Kandziora <jjj@gmx.de>
|
||||
Description: When written, this file sets the I2C speed on the connected
|
||||
DS28E17 chip. When read, it reads the current setting from
|
||||
the DS28E17 chip.
|
||||
Valid values: 100, 400, 900 [kBaud].
|
||||
Default 100, can be set by w1_ds28e17.speed= module parameter.
|
||||
Users: w1_ds28e17 driver
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/bus/w1/devices/19-<id>/stretch
|
||||
Date: Sep 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.14
|
||||
Contact: Jan Kandziora <jjj@gmx.de>
|
||||
Description: When written, this file sets the multiplier used to calculate
|
||||
the busy timeout for I2C operations on the connected DS28E17
|
||||
chip. When read, returns the current setting.
|
||||
Valid values: 1 to 9.
|
||||
Default 1, can be set by w1_ds28e17.stretch= module parameter.
|
||||
Users: w1_ds28e17 driver
|
||||
@ -51,6 +51,18 @@ Description:
|
||||
Controls the dirty page count condition for the in-place-update
|
||||
policies.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_hot_blocks
|
||||
Date: March 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Controls the dirty page count condition for redefining hot data.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/min_ssr_sections
|
||||
Date: October 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Controls the fee section threshold to trigger SSR allocation.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/max_small_discards
|
||||
Date: November 2013
|
||||
Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>
|
||||
@ -102,6 +114,12 @@ Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Controls the idle timing.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/iostat_enable
|
||||
Date: August 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Controls to enable/disable IO stat.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/ra_nid_pages
|
||||
Date: October 2015
|
||||
Contact: "Chao Yu" <chao2.yu@samsung.com>
|
||||
@ -122,6 +140,12 @@ Contact: "Shuoran Liu" <liushuoran@huawei.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Shows total written kbytes issued to disk.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/feature
|
||||
Date: July 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Jaegeuk Kim" <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Shows all enabled features in current device.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/inject_rate
|
||||
Date: May 2016
|
||||
Contact: "Sheng Yong" <shengyong1@huawei.com>
|
||||
@ -138,7 +162,18 @@ What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/reserved_blocks
|
||||
Date: June 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Controls current reserved blocks in system.
|
||||
Controls target reserved blocks in system, the threshold
|
||||
is soft, it could exceed current available user space.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/current_reserved_blocks
|
||||
Date: October 2017
|
||||
Contact: "Yunlong Song" <yunlong.song@huawei.com>
|
||||
Contact: "Chao Yu" <yuchao0@huawei.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Shows current reserved blocks in system, it may be temporarily
|
||||
smaller than target_reserved_blocks, but will gradually
|
||||
increase to target_reserved_blocks when more free blocks are
|
||||
freed by user later.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/fs/f2fs/<disk>/gc_urgent
|
||||
Date: August 2017
|
||||
|
||||
21
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-smbios
Normal file
21
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-platform-dell-smbios
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/tokens/*
|
||||
Date: November 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: "Mario Limonciello" <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
A read-only description of Dell platform tokens
|
||||
available on the machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Each token attribute is available as a pair of
|
||||
sysfs attributes readable by a process with
|
||||
CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
|
||||
|
||||
For example the token ID "5" would be available
|
||||
as the following attributes:
|
||||
|
||||
0005_location
|
||||
0005_value
|
||||
|
||||
Tokens will vary from machine to machine, and
|
||||
only tokens available on that machine will be
|
||||
displayed.
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
||||
What: /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/force_power
|
||||
Date: September 2017
|
||||
KernelVersion: 4.15
|
||||
Contact: "Mario Limonciello" <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
|
||||
Description:
|
||||
Modify the platform force power state, influencing
|
||||
Thunderbolt controllers to turn on or off when no
|
||||
devices are connected (write-only)
|
||||
There are two available states:
|
||||
* 0 -> Force power disabled
|
||||
* 1 -> Force power enabled
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Description:
|
||||
Writing one of the above strings to this file causes the system
|
||||
to transition into the corresponding state, if available.
|
||||
|
||||
See Documentation/power/states.txt for more information.
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more
|
||||
information.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/power/mem_sleep
|
||||
Date: November 2016
|
||||
@ -35,7 +36,8 @@ Description:
|
||||
represented by it to be used on subsequent attempts to suspend
|
||||
the system.
|
||||
|
||||
See Documentation/power/states.txt for more information.
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst for more
|
||||
information.
|
||||
|
||||
What: /sys/power/disk
|
||||
Date: September 2006
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ If you want the driver to put an event into the event log on a panic,
|
||||
enable the 'Generate a panic event to all BMCs on a panic' option. If
|
||||
you want the whole panic string put into the event log using OEM
|
||||
events, enable the 'Generate OEM events containing the panic string'
|
||||
option.
|
||||
option. You can also enable these dynamically by setting the module
|
||||
parameter named "panic_op" in the ipmi_msghandler module to "event"
|
||||
or "string". Setting that parameter to "none" disables this function.
|
||||
|
||||
Basic Design
|
||||
------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ endif # HAVE_SPHINX
|
||||
# The following targets are independent of HAVE_SPHINX, and the rules should
|
||||
# work or silently pass without Sphinx.
|
||||
|
||||
refcheckdocs:
|
||||
$(Q)cd $(srctree);scripts/documentation-file-ref-check
|
||||
|
||||
cleandocs:
|
||||
$(Q)rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)
|
||||
$(Q)$(MAKE) BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) $(build)=Documentation/media clean
|
||||
@ -109,6 +112,7 @@ dochelp:
|
||||
@echo ' epubdocs - EPUB'
|
||||
@echo ' xmldocs - XML'
|
||||
@echo ' linkcheckdocs - check for broken external links (will connect to external hosts)'
|
||||
@echo ' refcheckdocs - check for references to non-existing files under Documentation'
|
||||
@echo ' cleandocs - clean all generated files'
|
||||
@echo
|
||||
@echo ' make SPHINXDIRS="s1 s2" [target] Generate only docs of folder s1, s2'
|
||||
@ -116,3 +120,5 @@ dochelp:
|
||||
@echo
|
||||
@echo ' make SPHINX_CONF={conf-file} [target] use *additional* sphinx-build'
|
||||
@echo ' configuration. This is e.g. useful to build with nit-picking config.'
|
||||
@echo
|
||||
@echo ' Default location for the generated documents is Documentation/output'
|
||||
|
||||
@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ grace period also drove it to completion.
|
||||
This straightforward approach had the disadvantage of needing to
|
||||
account for POSIX signals sent to user tasks,
|
||||
so more recent implemementations use the Linux kernel's
|
||||
<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/workqueue.txt">workqueues</a>.
|
||||
<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/core-api/workqueue.rst">workqueues</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>
|
||||
The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
|
||||
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head><title>A Diagram of TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
|
||||
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
||||
|
||||
<p><img src="TreeRCU-gp.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp.svg">
|
||||
|
||||
</body></html>
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
|
||||
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Grace-Period Memory Ordering</title>
|
||||
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>August 8, 2017</p>
|
||||
<p>This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>Introduction</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This document gives a rough visual overview of how Tree RCU's
|
||||
grace-period memory ordering guarantee is provided.
|
||||
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
|
||||
What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
|
||||
Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
|
||||
Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?">
|
||||
What Is Tree RCU's Grace Period Memory Ordering Guarantee?</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>RCU grace periods provide extremely strong memory-ordering guarantees
|
||||
for non-idle non-offline code.
|
||||
Any code that happens after the end of a given RCU grace period is guaranteed
|
||||
to see the effects of all accesses prior to the beginning of that grace
|
||||
period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
|
||||
Similarly, any code that happens before the beginning of a given RCU grace
|
||||
period is guaranteed to see the effects of all accesses following the end
|
||||
of that grace period that are within RCU read-side critical sections.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This guarantee is particularly pervasive for <tt>synchronize_sched()</tt>,
|
||||
for which RCU-sched read-side critical sections include any region
|
||||
of code for which preemption is disabled.
|
||||
Given that each individual machine instruction can be thought of as
|
||||
an extremely small region of preemption-disabled code, one can think of
|
||||
<tt>synchronize_sched()</tt> as <tt>smp_mb()</tt> on steroids.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>RCU updaters use this guarantee by splitting their updates into
|
||||
two phases, one of which is executed before the grace period and
|
||||
the other of which is executed after the grace period.
|
||||
In the most common use case, phase one removes an element from
|
||||
a linked RCU-protected data structure, and phase two frees that element.
|
||||
For this to work, any readers that have witnessed state prior to the
|
||||
phase-one update (in the common case, removal) must not witness state
|
||||
following the phase-two update (in the common case, freeing).
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The RCU implementation provides this guarantee using a network
|
||||
of lock-based critical sections, memory barriers, and per-CPU
|
||||
processing, as is described in the following sections.
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks">
|
||||
Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Building Blocks</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The workhorse for RCU's grace-period memory ordering is the
|
||||
critical section for the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->lock</tt>.
|
||||
These critical sections use helper functions for lock acquisition, including
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_lock_rcu_node()</tt>,
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_lock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node()</tt>.
|
||||
Their lock-release counterparts are
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node()</tt>,
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node()</tt>, and
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node()</tt>,
|
||||
respectively.
|
||||
For completeness, a
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>
|
||||
is also provided.
|
||||
The key point is that the lock-acquisition functions, including
|
||||
<tt>raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node()</tt>, all invoke
|
||||
<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> immediately after successful
|
||||
acquisition of the lock.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Therefore, for any given <tt>rcu_node</tt> struction, any access
|
||||
happening before one of the above lock-release functions will be seen
|
||||
by all CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later
|
||||
one of the above lock-acquisition functions.
|
||||
Furthermore, any access happening before one of the
|
||||
above lock-release function on any given CPU will be seen by all
|
||||
CPUs as happening before any access happening after a later one
|
||||
of the above lock-acquisition functions executing on that same CPU,
|
||||
even if the lock-release and lock-acquisition functions are operating
|
||||
on different <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
|
||||
Tree RCU uses these two ordering guarantees to form an ordering
|
||||
network among all CPUs that were in any way involved in the grace
|
||||
period, including any CPUs that came online or went offline during
|
||||
the grace period in question.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The following litmus test exhibits the ordering effects of these
|
||||
lock-acquisition and lock-release functions:
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
1 int x, y, z;
|
||||
2
|
||||
3 void task0(void)
|
||||
4 {
|
||||
5 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
6 WRITE_ONCE(x, 1);
|
||||
7 r1 = READ_ONCE(y);
|
||||
8 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
9 }
|
||||
10
|
||||
11 void task1(void)
|
||||
12 {
|
||||
13 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
14 WRITE_ONCE(y, 1);
|
||||
15 r2 = READ_ONCE(z);
|
||||
16 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
17 }
|
||||
18
|
||||
19 void task2(void)
|
||||
20 {
|
||||
21 WRITE_ONCE(z, 1);
|
||||
22 smp_mb();
|
||||
23 r3 = READ_ONCE(x);
|
||||
24 }
|
||||
25
|
||||
26 WARN_ON(r1 == 0 && r2 == 0 && r3 == 0);
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> is evaluated at “the end of time”,
|
||||
after all changes have propagated throughout the system.
|
||||
Without the <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> provided by the
|
||||
acquisition functions, this <tt>WARN_ON()</tt> could trigger, for example
|
||||
on PowerPC.
|
||||
The <tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt> invocations prevent this
|
||||
<tt>WARN_ON()</tt> from triggering.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This approach must be extended to include idle CPUs, which need
|
||||
RCU's grace-period memory ordering guarantee to extend to any
|
||||
RCU read-side critical sections preceding and following the current
|
||||
idle sojourn.
|
||||
This case is handled by calls to the strongly ordered
|
||||
<tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> read-modify-write atomic operation that
|
||||
is invoked within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter()</tt> at idle-entry
|
||||
time and within <tt>rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit()</tt> at idle-exit time.
|
||||
The grace-period kthread invokes <tt>rcu_dynticks_snap()</tt> and
|
||||
<tt>rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()</tt> (both of which invoke
|
||||
an <tt>atomic_add_return()</tt> of zero) to detect idle CPUs.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
But what about CPUs that remain offline for the entire
|
||||
grace period?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
Such CPUs will be offline at the beginning of the grace period,
|
||||
so the grace period won't expect quiescent states from them.
|
||||
Races between grace-period start and CPU-hotplug operations
|
||||
are mediated by the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->lock</tt> as described above.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The approach must be extended to handle one final case, that
|
||||
of waking a task blocked in <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>.
|
||||
This task might be affinitied to a CPU that is not yet aware that
|
||||
the grace period has ended, and thus might not yet be subject to
|
||||
the grace period's memory ordering.
|
||||
Therefore, there is an <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
|
||||
<tt>wait_for_completion()</tt> in the <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>
|
||||
code path.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
What? Where???
|
||||
I don't see any <tt>smp_mb()</tt> after the return from
|
||||
<tt>wait_for_completion()</tt>!!!
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
That would be because I spotted the need for that
|
||||
<tt>smp_mb()</tt> during the creation of this documentation,
|
||||
and it is therefore unlikely to hit mainline before v4.14.
|
||||
Kudos to Lance Roy, Will Deacon, Peter Zijlstra, and
|
||||
Jonathan Cameron for asking questions that sensitized me
|
||||
to the rather elaborate sequence of events that demonstrate
|
||||
the need for this memory barrier.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Tree RCU's grace--period memory-ordering guarantees rely most
|
||||
heavily on the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>
|
||||
field, so much so that it is necessary to abbreviate this pattern
|
||||
in the diagrams in the next section.
|
||||
For example, consider the <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> function
|
||||
shown below, which is one of several functions that enforce ordering
|
||||
of newly arrived RCU callbacks against future grace periods:
|
||||
|
||||
<pre>
|
||||
1 static void rcu_prepare_for_idle(void)
|
||||
2 {
|
||||
3 bool needwake;
|
||||
4 struct rcu_data *rdp;
|
||||
5 struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks);
|
||||
6 struct rcu_node *rnp;
|
||||
7 struct rcu_state *rsp;
|
||||
8 int tne;
|
||||
9
|
||||
10 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL) ||
|
||||
11 rcu_is_nocb_cpu(smp_processor_id()))
|
||||
12 return;
|
||||
13 tne = READ_ONCE(tick_nohz_active);
|
||||
14 if (tne != rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap) {
|
||||
15 if (rcu_cpu_has_callbacks(NULL))
|
||||
16 invoke_rcu_core();
|
||||
17 rdtp->tick_nohz_enabled_snap = tne;
|
||||
18 return;
|
||||
19 }
|
||||
20 if (!tne)
|
||||
21 return;
|
||||
22 if (rdtp->all_lazy &&
|
||||
23 rdtp->nonlazy_posted != rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap) {
|
||||
24 rdtp->all_lazy = false;
|
||||
25 rdtp->nonlazy_posted_snap = rdtp->nonlazy_posted;
|
||||
26 invoke_rcu_core();
|
||||
27 return;
|
||||
28 }
|
||||
29 if (rdtp->last_accelerate == jiffies)
|
||||
30 return;
|
||||
31 rdtp->last_accelerate = jiffies;
|
||||
32 for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
|
||||
33 rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
|
||||
34 if (rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist))
|
||||
35 continue;
|
||||
36 rnp = rdp->mynode;
|
||||
37 raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
38 needwake = rcu_accelerate_cbs(rsp, rnp, rdp);
|
||||
39 raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
|
||||
40 if (needwake)
|
||||
41 rcu_gp_kthread_wake(rsp);
|
||||
42 }
|
||||
43 }
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>But the only part of <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt> that really
|
||||
matters for this discussion are lines 37–39.
|
||||
We will therefore abbreviate this function as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="rcu_node-lock.svg" alt="rcu_node-lock.svg">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The box represents the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>
|
||||
critical section, with the double line on top representing the additional
|
||||
<tt>smp_mb__after_unlock_lock()</tt>.
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components">
|
||||
Tree RCU Grace Period Memory Ordering Components</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Tree RCU's grace-period memory-ordering guarantee is provided by
|
||||
a number of RCU components:
|
||||
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Self-Reported Quiescent States">
|
||||
Self-Reported Quiescent States</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="#CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a>
|
||||
<li> <a href="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Each of the following section looks at the corresponding component
|
||||
in detail.
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Callback Registry">Callback Registry</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If RCU's grace-period guarantee is to mean anything at all, any
|
||||
access that happens before a given invocation of <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
|
||||
must also happen before the corresponding grace period.
|
||||
The implementation of this portion of RCU's grace period guarantee
|
||||
is shown in the following figure:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-registry.svg">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Because <tt>call_rcu()</tt> normally acts only on CPU-local state,
|
||||
it provides no ordering guarantees, either for itself or for
|
||||
phase one of the update (which again will usually be removal of
|
||||
an element from an RCU-protected data structure).
|
||||
It simply enqueues the <tt>rcu_head</tt> structure on a per-CPU list,
|
||||
which cannot become associated with a grace period until a later
|
||||
call to <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>, as shown in the diagram above.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>One set of code paths shown on the left invokes
|
||||
<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
|
||||
<tt>note_gp_changes()</tt>, either directly from <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (if
|
||||
the current CPU is inundated with queued <tt>rcu_head</tt> structures)
|
||||
or more likely from an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler.
|
||||
Another code path in the middle is taken only in kernels built with
|
||||
<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>, which invokes
|
||||
<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via <tt>rcu_prepare_for_idle()</tt>.
|
||||
The final code path on the right is taken only in kernels built with
|
||||
<tt>CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y</tt>, which invokes
|
||||
<tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt> via
|
||||
<tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>, <tt>rcu_migrate_callbacks</tt>,
|
||||
<tt>rcutree_migrate_callbacks()</tt>, and <tt>takedown_cpu()</tt>,
|
||||
which in turn is invoked on a surviving CPU after the outgoing
|
||||
CPU has been completely offlined.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>There are a few other code paths within grace-period processing
|
||||
that opportunistically invoke <tt>rcu_accelerate_cbs()</tt>.
|
||||
However, either way, all of the CPU's recently queued <tt>rcu_head</tt>
|
||||
structures are associated with a future grace-period number under
|
||||
the protection of the CPU's lead <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->lock</tt>.
|
||||
In all cases, there is full ordering against any prior critical section
|
||||
for that same <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>, and
|
||||
also full ordering against any of the current task's or CPU's prior critical
|
||||
sections for any <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The next section will show how this ordering ensures that any
|
||||
accesses prior to the <tt>call_rcu()</tt> (particularly including phase
|
||||
one of the update)
|
||||
happen before the start of the corresponding grace period.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
But what about <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt>?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
The <tt>synchronize_rcu()</tt> passes <tt>call_rcu()</tt>
|
||||
to <tt>wait_rcu_gp()</tt>, which invokes it.
|
||||
So either way, it eventually comes down to <tt>call_rcu()</tt>.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Grace-Period Initialization">Grace-Period Initialization</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Grace-period initialization is carried out by
|
||||
the grace-period kernel thread, which makes several passes over the
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> tree within the <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> function.
|
||||
This means that showing the full flow of ordering through the
|
||||
grace-period computation will require duplicating this tree.
|
||||
If you find this confusing, please note that the state of the
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> changes over time, just like Heraclitus's river.
|
||||
However, to keep the <tt>rcu_node</tt> river tractable, the
|
||||
grace-period kernel thread's traversals are presented in multiple
|
||||
parts, starting in this section with the various phases of
|
||||
grace-period initialization.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The first ordering-related grace-period initialization action is to
|
||||
increment the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt>
|
||||
grace-period-number counter, as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The actual increment is carried out using <tt>smp_store_release()</tt>,
|
||||
which helps reject false-positive RCU CPU stall detection.
|
||||
Note that only the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure is touched.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The first pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree updates bitmasks
|
||||
based on CPUs having come online or gone offline since the start of
|
||||
the previous grace period.
|
||||
In the common case where the number of online CPUs for this <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure has not transitioned to or from zero,
|
||||
this pass will scan only the leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures.
|
||||
However, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure has transitioned from zero,
|
||||
<tt>rcu_init_new_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the first incoming CPU.
|
||||
Similarly, if the number of online CPUs for a given leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure has transitioned to zero,
|
||||
<tt>rcu_cleanup_dead_rnp()</tt> will be invoked for the last outgoing CPU.
|
||||
The diagram below shows the path of ordering if the leftmost
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure onlines its first CPU and if the next
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs
|
||||
(or, alternatively if the leftmost <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure offlines
|
||||
its last CPU and if the next <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure has no online CPUs).
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-2.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The final <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
tree traverses breadth-first, setting each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->gpnum</tt> field to the newly incremented value from the
|
||||
<tt>rcu_state</tt> structure, as shown in the following diagram.
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-init-3.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-init-1.svg" width="75%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This change will also cause each CPU's next call to
|
||||
<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
|
||||
to notice that a new grace period has started, as described in the next
|
||||
section.
|
||||
But because the grace-period kthread started the grace period at the
|
||||
root (with the increment of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->gpnum</tt> field) before setting each leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure's <tt>->gpnum</tt> field, each CPU's observation of
|
||||
the start of the grace period will happen after the actual start
|
||||
of the grace period.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
But what about the CPU that started the grace period?
|
||||
Why wouldn't it see the start of the grace period right when
|
||||
it started that grace period?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
In some deep philosophical and overly anthromorphized
|
||||
sense, yes, the CPU starting the grace period is immediately
|
||||
aware of having done so.
|
||||
However, if we instead assume that RCU is not self-aware,
|
||||
then even the CPU starting the grace period does not really
|
||||
become aware of the start of this grace period until its
|
||||
first call to <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
|
||||
On the other hand, this CPU potentially gets early notification
|
||||
because it invokes <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt> during its
|
||||
last <tt>rcu_gp_init()</tt> pass through its leaf
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Self-Reported Quiescent States">
|
||||
Self-Reported Quiescent States</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>When all entities that might block the grace period have reported
|
||||
quiescent states (or as described in a later section, had quiescent
|
||||
states reported on their behalf), the grace period can end.
|
||||
Online non-idle CPUs report their own quiescent states, as shown
|
||||
in the following diagram:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-qs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-qs.svg" width="75%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This is for the last CPU to report a quiescent state, which signals
|
||||
the end of the grace period.
|
||||
Earlier quiescent states would push up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
|
||||
only until they encountered an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that
|
||||
is waiting for additional quiescent states.
|
||||
However, ordering is nevertheless preserved because some later quiescent
|
||||
state will acquire that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Any number of events can lead up to a CPU invoking
|
||||
<tt>note_gp_changes</tt> (or alternatively, directly invoking
|
||||
<tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>), at which point that CPU will notice
|
||||
the start of a new grace period while holding its leaf
|
||||
<tt>rcu_node</tt> lock.
|
||||
Therefore, all execution shown in this diagram happens after the
|
||||
start of the grace period.
|
||||
In addition, this CPU will consider any RCU read-side critical
|
||||
section that started before the invocation of <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>
|
||||
to have started before the grace period, and thus a critical
|
||||
section that the grace period must wait on.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
But a RCU read-side critical section might have started
|
||||
after the beginning of the grace period
|
||||
(the <tt>->gpnum++</tt> from earlier), so why should
|
||||
the grace period wait on such a critical section?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
It is indeed not necessary for the grace period to wait on such
|
||||
a critical section.
|
||||
However, it is permissible to wait on it.
|
||||
And it is furthermore important to wait on it, as this
|
||||
lazy approach is far more scalable than a “big bang”
|
||||
all-at-once grace-period start could possibly be.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>If the CPU does a context switch, a quiescent state will be
|
||||
noted by <tt>rcu_node_context_switch()</tt> on the left.
|
||||
On the other hand, if the CPU takes a scheduler-clock interrupt
|
||||
while executing in usermode, a quiescent state will be noted by
|
||||
<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on the right.
|
||||
Either way, the passage through a quiescent state will be noted
|
||||
in a per-CPU variable.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The next time an <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> handler executes on
|
||||
this CPU (for example, after the next scheduler-clock
|
||||
interrupt), <tt>__rcu_process_callbacks()</tt> will invoke
|
||||
<tt>rcu_check_quiescent_state()</tt>, which will notice the
|
||||
recorded quiescent state, and invoke
|
||||
<tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt>.
|
||||
If <tt>rcu_report_qs_rdp()</tt> verifies that the quiescent state
|
||||
really does apply to the current grace period, it invokes
|
||||
<tt>rcu_report_rnp()</tt> which traverses up the <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
tree as shown at the bottom of the diagram, clearing bits from
|
||||
each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field,
|
||||
and propagating up the tree when the result is zero.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Note that traversal passes upwards out of a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure only if the current CPU is reporting the last quiescent
|
||||
state for the subtree headed by that <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure.
|
||||
A key point is that if a CPU's traversal stops at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure, then there will be a later traversal by another CPU
|
||||
(or perhaps the same one) that proceeds upwards
|
||||
from that point, and the <tt>rcu_node</tt> <tt>->lock</tt>
|
||||
guarantees that the first CPU's quiescent state happens before the
|
||||
remainder of the second CPU's traversal.
|
||||
Applying this line of thought repeatedly shows that all CPUs'
|
||||
quiescent states happen before the last CPU traverses through
|
||||
the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, the “last CPU”
|
||||
being the one that clears the last bit in the root <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure's <tt>->qsmask</tt> field.
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Dynamic Tick Interface">Dynamic Tick Interface</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Due to energy-efficiency considerations, RCU is forbidden from
|
||||
disturbing idle CPUs.
|
||||
CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU when entering or leaving idle
|
||||
state, which they do via fully ordered value-returning atomic operations
|
||||
on a per-CPU variable.
|
||||
The ordering effects are as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" alt="TreeRCU-dyntick.svg" width="50%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples the per-CPU idleness
|
||||
variable while holding the corresponding CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure's <tt>->lock</tt>.
|
||||
This means that any RCU read-side critical sections that precede the
|
||||
idle period (the oval near the top of the diagram above) will happen
|
||||
before the end of the current grace period.
|
||||
Similarly, the beginning of the current grace period will happen before
|
||||
any RCU read-side critical sections that follow the
|
||||
idle period (the oval near the bottom of the diagram above).
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
|
||||
<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="CPU-Hotplug Interface">CPU-Hotplug Interface</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>RCU is also forbidden from disturbing offline CPUs, which might well
|
||||
be powered off and removed from the system completely.
|
||||
CPUs are therefore required to notify RCU of their comings and goings
|
||||
as part of the corresponding CPU hotplug operations.
|
||||
The ordering effects are shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" alt="TreeRCU-hotplug.svg" width="50%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Because CPU hotplug operations are much less frequent than idle transitions,
|
||||
they are heavier weight, and thus acquire the CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt>
|
||||
structure's <tt>->lock</tt> and update this structure's
|
||||
<tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt>.
|
||||
The RCU grace-period kernel thread samples this mask to detect CPUs
|
||||
having gone offline since the beginning of this grace period.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Plumbing this into the full grace-period execution is described
|
||||
<a href="#Forcing Quiescent States">below</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Forcing Quiescent States">Forcing Quiescent States</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As noted above, idle and offline CPUs cannot report their own
|
||||
quiescent states, and therefore the grace-period kernel thread
|
||||
must do the reporting on their behalf.
|
||||
This process is called “forcing quiescent states”, it is
|
||||
repeated every few jiffies, and its ordering effects are shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-fqs.svg" width="100%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Each pass of quiescent state forcing is guaranteed to traverse the
|
||||
leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures, and if there are no new quiescent
|
||||
states due to recently idled and/or offlined CPUs, then only the
|
||||
leaves are traversed.
|
||||
However, if there is a newly offlined CPU as illustrated on the left
|
||||
or a newly idled CPU as illustrated on the right, the corresponding
|
||||
quiescent state will be driven up towards the root.
|
||||
As with self-reported quiescent states, the upwards driving stops
|
||||
once it reaches an <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure that has quiescent
|
||||
states outstanding from other CPUs.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
The leftmost drive to root stopped before it reached
|
||||
the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, which means that
|
||||
there are still CPUs subordinate to that structure on
|
||||
which the current grace period is waiting.
|
||||
Given that, how is it possible that the rightmost drive
|
||||
to root ended the grace period?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
Good analysis!
|
||||
It is in fact impossible in the absence of bugs in RCU.
|
||||
But this diagram is complex enough as it is, so simplicity
|
||||
overrode accuracy.
|
||||
You can think of it as poetic license, or you can think of
|
||||
it as misdirection that is resolved in the
|
||||
<a href="#Putting It All Together">stitched-together diagram</a>.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Grace-Period Cleanup">Grace-Period Cleanup</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Grace-period cleanup first scans the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree
|
||||
breadth-first setting all the <tt>->completed</tt> fields equal
|
||||
to the number of the newly completed grace period, then it sets
|
||||
the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field,
|
||||
again to the number of the newly completed grace period.
|
||||
The ordering effects are shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" alt="TreeRCU-gp-cleanup.svg" width="75%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>As indicated by the oval at the bottom of the diagram, once
|
||||
grace-period cleanup is complete, the next grace period can begin.
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th> </th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td>
|
||||
But when precisely does the grace period end?
|
||||
</td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff">
|
||||
There is no useful single point at which the grace period
|
||||
can be said to end.
|
||||
The earliest reasonable candidate is as soon as the last
|
||||
CPU has reported its quiescent state, but it may be some
|
||||
milliseconds before RCU becomes aware of this.
|
||||
The latest reasonable candidate is once the <tt>rcu_state</tt>
|
||||
structure's <tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated,
|
||||
but it is quite possible that some CPUs have already completed
|
||||
phase two of their updates by that time.
|
||||
In short, if you are going to work with RCU, you need to
|
||||
learn to embrace uncertainty.
|
||||
</font></td></tr>
|
||||
<tr><td> </td></tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<h4><a name="Callback Invocation">Callback Invocation</a></h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Once a given CPU's leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->completed</tt> field has been updated, that CPU can begin
|
||||
invoking its RCU callbacks that were waiting for this grace period
|
||||
to end.
|
||||
These callbacks are identified by <tt>rcu_advance_cbs()</tt>,
|
||||
which is usually invoked by <tt>__note_gp_changes()</tt>.
|
||||
As shown in the diagram below, this invocation can be triggered by
|
||||
the scheduling-clock interrupt (<tt>rcu_check_callbacks()</tt> on
|
||||
the left) or by idle entry (<tt>rcu_cleanup_after_idle()</tt> on
|
||||
the right, but only for kernels build with
|
||||
<tt>CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y</tt>).
|
||||
Either way, <tt>RCU_SOFTIRQ</tt> is raised, which results in
|
||||
<tt>rcu_do_batch()</tt> invoking the callbacks, which in turn
|
||||
allows those callbacks to carry out (either directly or indirectly
|
||||
via wakeup) the needed phase-two processing for each update.
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p><img src="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" alt="TreeRCU-callback-invocation.svg" width="60%">
|
||||
|
||||
<p>Please note that callback invocation can also be prompted by any
|
||||
number of corner-case code paths, for example, when a CPU notes that
|
||||
it has excessive numbers of callbacks queued.
|
||||
In all cases, the CPU acquires its leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's
|
||||
<tt>->lock</tt> before invoking callbacks, which preserves the
|
||||
required ordering against the newly completed grace period.
|
||||
|
||||
<p>However, if the callback function communicates to other CPUs,
|
||||
for example, doing a wakeup, then it is that function's responsibility
|
||||
to maintain ordering.
|
||||
For example, if the callback function wakes up a task that runs on
|
||||
some other CPU, proper ordering must in place in both the callback
|
||||
function and the task being awakened.
|
||||
To see why this is important, consider the top half of the
|
||||
<a href="#Grace-Period Cleanup">grace-period cleanup</a> diagram.
|
||||
The callback might be running on a CPU corresponding to the leftmost
|
||||
leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and awaken a task that is to run on
|
||||
a CPU corresponding to the rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure,
|
||||
and the grace-period kernel thread might not yet have reached the
|
||||
rightmost leaf.
|
||||
In this case, the grace period's memory ordering might not yet have
|
||||
reached that CPU, so again the callback function and the awakened
|
||||
task must supply proper ordering.
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="Putting It All Together">Putting It All Together</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>A stitched-together diagram is
|
||||
<a href="Tree-RCU-Diagram.html">here</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
<h3><a name="Legal Statement">
|
||||
Legal Statement</a></h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>This work represents the view of the author and does not necessarily
|
||||
represent the view of IBM.
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
|
||||
|
||||
</p><p>Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or
|
||||
service marks of others.
|
||||
|
||||
</body></html>
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@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ o Booting Linux using a console connection that is too slow to
|
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o Anything that prevents RCU's grace-period kthreads from running.
|
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|
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|
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|
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ran and how often it should be expected to run. It can also
|
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|
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|
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o A periodic interrupt whose handler takes longer than the time
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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considerably longer than normal, which can in turn result in
|
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RCU CPU stall warnings.
|
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o Testing a workload on a fast system, tuning the stall-warning
|
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timeout down to just barely avoid RCU CPU stall warnings, and then
|
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running the same workload with the same stall-warning timeout on a
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o A hardware or software issue shuts off the scheduler-clock
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|
||||
@ -155,67 +171,32 @@ Interpreting RCU's CPU Stall-Detector "Splats"
|
||||
For non-RCU-tasks flavors of RCU, when a CPU detects that it is stalling,
|
||||
it will print a message similar to the following:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_sched_state detected stall on CPU 5 (t=2500 jiffies)
|
||||
INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:
|
||||
2-...: (3 GPs behind) idle=06c/0/0 softirq=1453/1455 fqs=0
|
||||
16-...: (0 ticks this GP) idle=81c/0/0 softirq=764/764 fqs=0
|
||||
(detected by 32, t=2603 jiffies, g=7073, c=7072, q=625)
|
||||
|
||||
This message indicates that CPU 5 detected that it was causing a stall,
|
||||
and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message will normally be
|
||||
followed by a stack dump of the offending CPU. On TREE_RCU kernel builds,
|
||||
RCU and RCU-sched are implemented by the same underlying mechanism,
|
||||
while on PREEMPT_RCU kernel builds, RCU is instead implemented
|
||||
by rcu_preempt_state.
|
||||
|
||||
On the other hand, if the offending CPU fails to print out a stall-warning
|
||||
message quickly enough, some other CPU will print a message similar to
|
||||
the following:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 3 5 } (detected by 2, 2502 jiffies)
|
||||
|
||||
This message indicates that CPU 2 detected that CPUs 3 and 5 were both
|
||||
causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-bh. This message
|
||||
This message indicates that CPU 32 detected that CPUs 2 and 16 were both
|
||||
causing stalls, and that the stall was affecting RCU-sched. This message
|
||||
will normally be followed by stack dumps for each CPU. Please note that
|
||||
PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs,
|
||||
and that the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421".
|
||||
It is even possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both
|
||||
CPUs -and- tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all
|
||||
be called out in the list.
|
||||
PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by tasks as well as by CPUs, and that
|
||||
the tasks will be indicated by PID, for example, "P3421". It is even
|
||||
possible for a rcu_preempt_state stall to be caused by both CPUs -and-
|
||||
tasks, in which case the offending CPUs and tasks will all be called
|
||||
out in the list.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, if the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts
|
||||
printing, there will be a spurious stall-warning message:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_bh_state detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: { } (detected by 4, 2502 jiffies)
|
||||
|
||||
This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
|
||||
possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
|
||||
on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
|
||||
interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
|
||||
sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
|
||||
which is overkill for this sort of problem.
|
||||
|
||||
Recent kernels will print a long form of the stall-warning message:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
|
||||
0: (63959 ticks this GP) idle=241/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543
|
||||
(t=65000 jiffies)
|
||||
|
||||
In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_preempt detected stall on CPU
|
||||
0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
|
||||
(t=65000 jiffies)
|
||||
|
||||
The "(64628 ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has taken more
|
||||
than 64,000 scheduling-clock interrupts during the current stalled
|
||||
grace period. If the CPU was not yet aware of the current grace
|
||||
period (for example, if it was offline), then this part of the message
|
||||
indicates how many grace periods behind the CPU is.
|
||||
CPU 2's "(3 GPs behind)" indicates that this CPU has not interacted with
|
||||
the RCU core for the past three grace periods. In contrast, CPU 16's "(0
|
||||
ticks this GP)" indicates that this CPU has not taken any scheduling-clock
|
||||
interrupts during the current stalled grace period.
|
||||
|
||||
The "idle=" portion of the message prints the dyntick-idle state.
|
||||
The hex number before the first "/" is the low-order 12 bits of the
|
||||
dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU is
|
||||
in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
|
||||
number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will
|
||||
be a small positive number if in the idle loop and a very large positive
|
||||
number (as shown above) otherwise.
|
||||
dynticks counter, which will have an even-numbered value if the CPU
|
||||
is in dyntick-idle mode and an odd-numbered value otherwise. The hex
|
||||
number between the two "/"s is the value of the nesting, which will be
|
||||
a small non-negative number if in the idle loop (as shown above) and a
|
||||
very large positive number otherwise.
|
||||
|
||||
The "softirq=" portion of the message tracks the number of RCU softirq
|
||||
handlers that the stalled CPU has executed. The number before the "/"
|
||||
@ -230,24 +211,72 @@ handlers are no longer able to execute on this CPU. This can happen if
|
||||
the stalled CPU is spinning with interrupts are disabled, or, in -rt
|
||||
kernels, if a high-priority process is starving RCU's softirq handler.
|
||||
|
||||
For CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ kernels, the "last_accelerate:" prints the
|
||||
low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the jiffies counter when this CPU last
|
||||
invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs() from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked
|
||||
rcu_accelerate_cbs() from rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:"
|
||||
prints the number of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to
|
||||
rcu_needs_cpu(). Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently
|
||||
no non-lazy callbacks ("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and
|
||||
"D" indicates that dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed
|
||||
otherwise, for example, if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter).
|
||||
The "fps=" shows the number of force-quiescent-state idle/offline
|
||||
detection passes that the grace-period kthread has made across this
|
||||
CPU since the last time that this CPU noted the beginning of a grace
|
||||
period.
|
||||
|
||||
The "detected by" line indicates which CPU detected the stall (in this
|
||||
case, CPU 32), how many jiffies have elapsed since the start of the
|
||||
grace period (in this case 2603), the number of the last grace period
|
||||
to start and to complete (7073 and 7072, respectively), and an estimate
|
||||
of the total number of RCU callbacks queued across all CPUs (625 in
|
||||
this case).
|
||||
|
||||
In kernels with CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ, more information is printed
|
||||
for each CPU:
|
||||
|
||||
0: (64628 ticks this GP) idle=dd5/3fffffffffffffff/0 softirq=82/543 last_accelerate: a345/d342 nonlazy_posted: 25 .D
|
||||
|
||||
The "last_accelerate:" prints the low-order 16 bits (in hex) of the
|
||||
jiffies counter when this CPU last invoked rcu_try_advance_all_cbs()
|
||||
from rcu_needs_cpu() or last invoked rcu_accelerate_cbs() from
|
||||
rcu_prepare_for_idle(). The "nonlazy_posted:" prints the number
|
||||
of non-lazy callbacks posted since the last call to rcu_needs_cpu().
|
||||
Finally, an "L" indicates that there are currently no non-lazy callbacks
|
||||
("." is printed otherwise, as shown above) and "D" indicates that
|
||||
dyntick-idle processing is enabled ("." is printed otherwise, for example,
|
||||
if disabled via the "nohz=" kernel boot parameter).
|
||||
|
||||
If the grace period ends just as the stall warning starts printing,
|
||||
there will be a spurious stall-warning message, which will include
|
||||
the following:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: Stall ended before state dump start
|
||||
|
||||
This is rare, but does happen from time to time in real life. It is also
|
||||
possible for a zero-jiffy stall to be flagged in this case, depending
|
||||
on how the stall warning and the grace-period initialization happen to
|
||||
interact. Please note that it is not possible to entirely eliminate this
|
||||
sort of false positive without resorting to things like stop_machine(),
|
||||
which is overkill for this sort of problem.
|
||||
|
||||
If all CPUs and tasks have passed through quiescent states, but the
|
||||
grace period has nevertheless failed to end, the stall-warning splat
|
||||
will include something like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
All QSes seen, last rcu_preempt kthread activity 23807 (4297905177-4297881370), jiffies_till_next_fqs=3, root ->qsmask 0x0
|
||||
|
||||
The "23807" indicates that it has been more than 23 thousand jiffies
|
||||
since the grace-period kthread ran. The "jiffies_till_next_fqs"
|
||||
indicates how frequently that kthread should run, giving the number
|
||||
of jiffies between force-quiescent-state scans, in this case three,
|
||||
which is way less than 23807. Finally, the root rcu_node structure's
|
||||
->qsmask field is printed, which will normally be zero.
|
||||
|
||||
If the relevant grace-period kthread has been unable to run prior to
|
||||
the stall warning, the following additional line is printed:
|
||||
the stall warning, as was the case in the "All QSes seen" line above,
|
||||
the following additional line is printed:
|
||||
|
||||
rcu_preempt kthread starved for 2023 jiffies!
|
||||
kthread starved for 23807 jiffies! g7073 c7072 f0x0 RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS(3) ->state=0x1
|
||||
|
||||
Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result in
|
||||
RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed through
|
||||
the required quiescent states.
|
||||
Starving the grace-period kthreads of CPU time can of course result
|
||||
in RCU CPU stall warnings even when all CPUs and tasks have passed
|
||||
through the required quiescent states. The "g" and "c" numbers flag the
|
||||
number of the last grace period started and completed, respectively,
|
||||
the "f" precedes the ->gp_flags command to the grace-period kthread,
|
||||
the "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS" indicates that the kthread is waiting for a short
|
||||
timeout, and the "state" precedes value of the task_struct ->state field.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple Warnings From One Stall
|
||||
@ -264,13 +293,28 @@ Stall Warnings for Expedited Grace Periods
|
||||
If an expedited grace period detects a stall, it will place a message
|
||||
like the following in dmesg:
|
||||
|
||||
INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs: { 1 2 6 } 26009 jiffies s: 1043
|
||||
INFO: rcu_sched detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: { 7-... } 21119 jiffies s: 73 root: 0x2/.
|
||||
|
||||
This indicates that CPUs 1, 2, and 6 have failed to respond to a
|
||||
reschedule IPI, that the expedited grace period has been going on for
|
||||
26,009 jiffies, and that the expedited grace-period sequence counter is
|
||||
1043. The fact that this last value is odd indicates that an expedited
|
||||
grace period is in flight.
|
||||
This indicates that CPU 7 has failed to respond to a reschedule IPI.
|
||||
The three periods (".") following the CPU number indicate that the CPU
|
||||
is online (otherwise the first period would instead have been "O"),
|
||||
that the CPU was online at the beginning of the expedited grace period
|
||||
(otherwise the second period would have instead been "o"), and that
|
||||
the CPU has been online at least once since boot (otherwise, the third
|
||||
period would instead have been "N"). The number before the "jiffies"
|
||||
indicates that the expedited grace period has been going on for 21,119
|
||||
jiffies. The number following the "s:" indicates that the expedited
|
||||
grace-period sequence counter is 73. The fact that this last value is
|
||||
odd indicates that an expedited grace period is in flight. The number
|
||||
following "root:" is a bitmask that indicates which children of the root
|
||||
rcu_node structure correspond to CPUs and/or tasks that are blocking the
|
||||
current expedited grace period. If the tree had more than one level,
|
||||
additional hex numbers would be printed for the states of the other
|
||||
rcu_node structures in the tree.
|
||||
|
||||
As with normal grace periods, PREEMPT_RCU builds can be stalled by
|
||||
tasks as well as by CPUs, and that the tasks will be indicated by PID,
|
||||
for example, "P3421".
|
||||
|
||||
It is entirely possible to see stall warnings from normal and from
|
||||
expedited grace periods at about the same time from the same run.
|
||||
expedited grace periods at about the same time during the same run.
|
||||
|
||||
25
Documentation/acpi/lpit.txt
Normal file
25
Documentation/acpi/lpit.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
To enumerate platform Low Power Idle states, Intel platforms are using
|
||||
“Low Power Idle Table” (LPIT). More details about this table can be
|
||||
downloaded from:
|
||||
http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/Intel_ACPI_Low_Power_S0_Idle.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Residencies for each low power state can be read via FFH
|
||||
(Function fixed hardware) or a memory mapped interface.
|
||||
|
||||
On platforms supporting S0ix sleep states, there can be two types of
|
||||
residencies:
|
||||
- CPU PKG C10 (Read via FFH interface)
|
||||
- Platform Controller Hub (PCH) SLP_S0 (Read via memory mapped interface)
|
||||
|
||||
The following attributes are added dynamically to the cpuidle
|
||||
sysfs attribute group:
|
||||
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/low_power_idle_cpu_residency_us
|
||||
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/low_power_idle_system_residency_us
|
||||
|
||||
The "low_power_idle_cpu_residency_us" attribute shows time spent
|
||||
by the CPU package in PKG C10
|
||||
|
||||
The "low_power_idle_system_residency_us" attribute shows SLP_S0
|
||||
residency, or system time spent with the SLP_S0# signal asserted.
|
||||
This is the lowest possible system power state, achieved only when CPU is in
|
||||
PKG C10 and all functional blocks in PCH are in a low power state.
|
||||
@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If something goes wrong
|
||||
help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
|
||||
important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
|
||||
the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
|
||||
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst
|
||||
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
|
||||
|
||||
- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
|
||||
as is, otherwise you will have to use the ``ksymoops`` program to make
|
||||
|
||||
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ In order to report it upstream, you should identify the mailing list
|
||||
used for the development of the affected code. This can be done by using
|
||||
the ``get_maintainer.pl`` script.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's conex.c file, you can get
|
||||
For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's sonixj.c file, you can get
|
||||
their maintainers with::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f drivers/media/usb/gspca/sonixj.c
|
||||
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Please notice that it will point to:
|
||||
Tejun and Bhaktipriya (in this specific case, none really envolved on the
|
||||
development of this file);
|
||||
- The driver maintainer (Hans Verkuil);
|
||||
- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab)
|
||||
- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab);
|
||||
- The driver and/or subsystem mailing list (linux-media@vger.kernel.org);
|
||||
- the Linux Kernel mailing list (linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org).
|
||||
|
||||
@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ Fixing the bug
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you know programming, you could help us by not only reporting the bug,
|
||||
but also providing us with a solution. After all open source is about
|
||||
but also providing us with a solution. After all, open source is about
|
||||
sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for your genius?
|
||||
|
||||
If you decide to take this way, once you have worked out a fix please submit
|
||||
it upstream.
|
||||
|
||||
Please do read
|
||||
ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though
|
||||
:ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though
|
||||
to help your code get accepted.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ shortcut for ``print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG)``.
|
||||
|
||||
For ``print_hex_dump_debug()``/``print_hex_dump_bytes()``, format string is
|
||||
its ``prefix_str`` argument, if it is constant string; or ``hexdump``
|
||||
in case ``prefix_str`` is build dynamically.
|
||||
in case ``prefix_str`` is built dynamically.
|
||||
|
||||
Dynamic debug has even more useful features:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ line
|
||||
line number matches the callsite line number exactly. A
|
||||
range of line numbers matches any callsite between the first
|
||||
and last line number inclusive. An empty first number means
|
||||
the first line in the file, an empty line number means the
|
||||
last number in the file. Examples::
|
||||
the first line in the file, an empty last line number means the
|
||||
last line number in the file. Examples::
|
||||
|
||||
line 1603 // exactly line 1603
|
||||
line 1600-1605 // the six lines from line 1600 to line 1605
|
||||
|
||||
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
|
||||
amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
|
||||
Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
|
||||
Format: <a>,<b>
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst
|
||||
|
||||
analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
|
||||
Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
|
||||
@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
|
||||
bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
|
||||
bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
|
||||
kernel args too.
|
||||
bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
|
||||
bttv.pll= See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst
|
||||
bttv.tuner=
|
||||
|
||||
bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
|
||||
@ -641,8 +641,8 @@
|
||||
For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
|
||||
|
||||
consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
|
||||
seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
|
||||
disables the blank timer.
|
||||
seconds. A value of 0 disables the blank timer.
|
||||
Defaults to 0.
|
||||
|
||||
coredump_filter=
|
||||
[KNL] Change the default value for
|
||||
@ -709,6 +709,9 @@
|
||||
It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used
|
||||
or memory reserved is below 4G.
|
||||
|
||||
crossrelease_fullstack
|
||||
[KNL] Allow to record full stack trace in cross-release
|
||||
|
||||
cryptomgr.notests
|
||||
[KNL] Disable crypto self-tests
|
||||
|
||||
@ -724,7 +727,7 @@
|
||||
db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
|
||||
(one device per port)
|
||||
Format: <port#>,<type>
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
|
||||
|
||||
ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
|
||||
time. See
|
||||
@ -1220,7 +1223,7 @@
|
||||
[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
|
||||
support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
|
||||
Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
|
||||
|
||||
gamma= [HW,DRM]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1713,6 +1716,13 @@
|
||||
irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask
|
||||
The argument is a cpu list, as described above.
|
||||
|
||||
irqchip.gicv2_force_probe=
|
||||
[ARM, ARM64]
|
||||
Format: <bool>
|
||||
Force the kernel to look for the second 4kB page
|
||||
of a GICv2 controller even if the memory range
|
||||
exposed by the device tree is too small.
|
||||
|
||||
irqfixup [HW]
|
||||
When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
|
||||
for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
|
||||
@ -1727,20 +1737,33 @@
|
||||
isapnp= [ISAPNP]
|
||||
Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
|
||||
|
||||
isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
|
||||
The argument is a cpu list, as described above.
|
||||
isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate a given set of CPUs from disturbance.
|
||||
[Deprecated - use cpusets instead]
|
||||
Format: [flag-list,]<cpu-list>
|
||||
|
||||
Specify one or more CPUs to isolate from disturbances
|
||||
specified in the flag list (default: domain):
|
||||
|
||||
nohz
|
||||
Disable the tick when a single task runs.
|
||||
domain
|
||||
Isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
|
||||
algorithms. Note that performing domain isolation this way
|
||||
is irreversible: it's not possible to bring back a CPU to
|
||||
the domains once isolated through isolcpus. It's strongly
|
||||
advised to use cpusets instead to disable scheduler load
|
||||
balancing through the "cpuset.sched_load_balance" file.
|
||||
It offers a much more flexible interface where CPUs can
|
||||
move in and out of an isolated set anytime.
|
||||
|
||||
You can move a process onto or off an "isolated" CPU via
|
||||
the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
|
||||
<cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
|
||||
"number of CPUs in system - 1".
|
||||
|
||||
The format of <cpu-list> is described above.
|
||||
|
||||
This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
|
||||
to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
|
||||
algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
|
||||
"isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
|
||||
<cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
|
||||
"number of CPUs in system - 1".
|
||||
|
||||
This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
|
||||
alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
|
||||
tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
|
||||
suboptimal load balancer performance.
|
||||
|
||||
iucv= [HW,NET]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1766,7 +1789,7 @@
|
||||
ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0
|
||||
|
||||
js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
|
||||
See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
|
||||
See Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
nokaslr [KNL]
|
||||
When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables
|
||||
@ -1841,13 +1864,6 @@
|
||||
Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y,
|
||||
the default is off.
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck= [X86] Boot-time kmemcheck enable/disable/one-shot mode
|
||||
Valid arguments: 0, 1, 2
|
||||
kmemcheck=0 (disabled)
|
||||
kmemcheck=1 (enabled)
|
||||
kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode)
|
||||
Default: 2 (one-shot mode)
|
||||
|
||||
kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
|
||||
Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1874,6 +1890,10 @@
|
||||
[KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 common
|
||||
system registers
|
||||
|
||||
kvm-arm.vgic_v4_enable=
|
||||
[KVM,ARM] Allow use of GICv4 for direct injection of
|
||||
LPIs.
|
||||
|
||||
kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
|
||||
(virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
|
||||
Default is 1 (enabled)
|
||||
@ -2248,10 +2268,10 @@
|
||||
s2idle - Suspend-To-Idle
|
||||
shallow - Power-On Suspend or equivalent (if supported)
|
||||
deep - Suspend-To-RAM or equivalent (if supported)
|
||||
See Documentation/power/states.txt.
|
||||
See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
|
||||
See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
|
||||
See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/meye.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
|
||||
Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
|
||||
@ -2548,6 +2568,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
noalign [KNL,ARM]
|
||||
|
||||
noaltinstr [S390] Disables alternative instructions patching
|
||||
(CPU alternatives feature).
|
||||
|
||||
noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
|
||||
IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3134,7 +3157,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
|
||||
Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
|
||||
See also Documentation/parport.txt.
|
||||
See also Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst.
|
||||
|
||||
pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
|
||||
Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
|
||||
@ -3185,6 +3208,10 @@
|
||||
allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()).
|
||||
There is some performance impact when enabling this.
|
||||
|
||||
ppc_tm= [PPC]
|
||||
Format: {"off"}
|
||||
Disable Hardware Transactional Memory
|
||||
|
||||
print-fatal-signals=
|
||||
[KNL] debug: print fatal signals
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3223,13 +3250,15 @@
|
||||
instead using the legacy FADT method
|
||||
|
||||
profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
|
||||
Format: [schedule,]<number>
|
||||
Format: [<profiletype>,]<number>
|
||||
Param: <profiletype>: "schedule", "sleep", or "kvm"
|
||||
[defaults to kernel profiling]
|
||||
Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
|
||||
Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
|
||||
statistical time based profiling.
|
||||
Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
|
||||
Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
|
||||
Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
|
||||
Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
|
||||
statistical time based profiling.
|
||||
|
||||
prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
|
||||
before loading.
|
||||
@ -3539,6 +3568,9 @@
|
||||
rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
|
||||
Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
|
||||
|
||||
rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff= [KNL]
|
||||
Disable interrupts while stalling if set.
|
||||
|
||||
rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
|
||||
Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3885,6 +3917,12 @@
|
||||
[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
|
||||
Format: <integer>
|
||||
|
||||
A nonzero value instructs the soft-lockup detector
|
||||
to panic the machine when a soft-lockup occurs. This
|
||||
is also controlled by CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC
|
||||
which is the respective build-time switch to that
|
||||
functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
|
||||
[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate
|
||||
backtraces on all cpus.
|
||||
@ -4194,12 +4232,15 @@
|
||||
Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
|
||||
platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
|
||||
can add overhead.
|
||||
[x86] unstable: mark the TSC clocksource as unstable, this
|
||||
marks the TSC unconditionally unstable at bootup and
|
||||
avoids any further wobbles once the TSC watchdog notices.
|
||||
|
||||
turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
|
||||
TurboGraFX parallel port interface
|
||||
Format:
|
||||
<port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
|
||||
See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
|
||||
|
||||
udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
|
||||
happen after console_init() and before a proper
|
||||
|
||||
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ step-by-step instructions for how a user can trigger the bug.
|
||||
|
||||
If the failure includes an "OOPS:", take a picture of the screen, capture
|
||||
a netconsole trace, or type the message from your screen into the bug
|
||||
report. Please read "Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst" before posting your
|
||||
report. Please read "Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst" before posting your
|
||||
bug report. This explains what you should do with the "Oops" information
|
||||
to make it useful to the recipient.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ summary from [1.]>" for easy identification by the developers::
|
||||
[4.2.] Kernel .config file:
|
||||
[5.] Most recent kernel version which did not have the bug:
|
||||
[6.] Output of Oops.. message (if applicable) with symbolic information
|
||||
resolved (see Documentation/admin-guide/oops-tracing.rst)
|
||||
resolved (see Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst)
|
||||
[7.] A small shell script or example program which triggers the
|
||||
problem (if possible)
|
||||
[8.] Environment
|
||||
|
||||
@ -197,3 +197,42 @@ information is missing.
|
||||
|
||||
To recover from this mode, one needs to flash a valid NVM image to the
|
||||
host host controller in the same way it is done in the previous chapter.
|
||||
|
||||
Networking over Thunderbolt cable
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
Thunderbolt technology allows software communication across two hosts
|
||||
connected by a Thunderbolt cable.
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible to tunnel any kind of traffic over Thunderbolt link but
|
||||
currently we only support Apple ThunderboltIP protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
If the other host is running Windows or macOS only thing you need to
|
||||
do is to connect Thunderbolt cable between the two hosts, the
|
||||
``thunderbolt-net`` is loaded automatically. If the other host is also
|
||||
Linux you should load ``thunderbolt-net`` manually on one host (it does
|
||||
not matter which one)::
|
||||
|
||||
# modprobe thunderbolt-net
|
||||
|
||||
This triggers module load on the other host automatically. If the driver
|
||||
is built-in to the kernel image, there is no need to do anything.
|
||||
|
||||
The driver will create one virtual ethernet interface per Thunderbolt
|
||||
port which are named like ``thunderbolt0`` and so on. From this point
|
||||
you can either use standard userspace tools like ``ifconfig`` to
|
||||
configure the interface or let your GUI to handle it automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
Forcing power
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
Many OEMs include a method that can be used to force the power of a
|
||||
thunderbolt controller to an "On" state even if nothing is connected.
|
||||
If supported by your machine this will be exposed by the WMI bus with
|
||||
a sysfs attribute called "force_power".
|
||||
|
||||
For example the intel-wmi-thunderbolt driver exposes this attribute in:
|
||||
/sys/devices/platform/PNP0C14:00/wmi_bus/wmi_bus-PNP0C14:00/86CCFD48-205E-4A77-9C48-2021CBEDE341/force_power
|
||||
|
||||
To force the power to on, write 1 to this attribute file.
|
||||
To disable force power, write 0 to this attribute file.
|
||||
|
||||
Note: it's currently not possible to query the force power state of a platform.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ SunXi family
|
||||
|
||||
- Next Thing Co GR8 (sun5i)
|
||||
|
||||
* Single ARM Cortex-A7 based SoCs
|
||||
- Allwinner V3s (sun8i)
|
||||
+ Datasheet
|
||||
http://linux-sunxi.org/File:Allwinner_V3s_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
* Dual ARM Cortex-A7 based SoCs
|
||||
- Allwinner A20 (sun7i)
|
||||
+ User Manual
|
||||
@ -71,9 +76,11 @@ SunXi family
|
||||
+ Datasheet
|
||||
http://dl.linux-sunxi.org/H3/Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
- Allwinner V3s (sun8i)
|
||||
- Allwinner R40 (sun8i)
|
||||
+ Datasheet
|
||||
http://linux-sunxi.org/File:Allwinner_V3s_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
|
||||
https://github.com/tinalinux/docs/raw/r40-v1.y/R40_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf
|
||||
+ User Manual
|
||||
https://github.com/tinalinux/docs/raw/r40-v1.y/Allwinner_R40_User_Manual_V1.0.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
* Quad ARM Cortex-A15, Quad ARM Cortex-A7 based SoCs
|
||||
- Allwinner A80
|
||||
|
||||
@ -110,10 +110,20 @@ infrastructure:
|
||||
x--------------------------------------------------x
|
||||
| Name | bits | visible |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| RES0 | [63-32] | n |
|
||||
| RES0 | [63-48] | n |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| DP | [47-44] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| SM4 | [43-40] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| SM3 | [39-36] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| SHA3 | [35-32] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| RDM | [31-28] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| RES0 | [27-24] | n |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| ATOMICS | [23-20] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| CRC32 | [19-16] | y |
|
||||
@ -132,7 +142,11 @@ infrastructure:
|
||||
x--------------------------------------------------x
|
||||
| Name | bits | visible |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| RES0 | [63-28] | n |
|
||||
| RES0 | [63-36] | n |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| SVE | [35-32] | y |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| RES0 | [31-28] | n |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| GIC | [27-24] | n |
|
||||
|--------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
|
||||
160
Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.txt
Normal file
160
Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
|
||||
ARM64 ELF hwcaps
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes the usage and semantics of the arm64 ELF hwcaps.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. Introduction
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
Some hardware or software features are only available on some CPU
|
||||
implementations, and/or with certain kernel configurations, but have no
|
||||
architected discovery mechanism available to userspace code at EL0. The
|
||||
kernel exposes the presence of these features to userspace through a set
|
||||
of flags called hwcaps, exposed in the auxilliary vector.
|
||||
|
||||
Userspace software can test for features by acquiring the AT_HWCAP entry
|
||||
of the auxilliary vector, and testing whether the relevant flags are
|
||||
set, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
bool floating_point_is_present(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
unsigned long hwcaps = getauxval(AT_HWCAP);
|
||||
if (hwcaps & HWCAP_FP)
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Where software relies on a feature described by a hwcap, it should check
|
||||
the relevant hwcap flag to verify that the feature is present before
|
||||
attempting to make use of the feature.
|
||||
|
||||
Features cannot be probed reliably through other means. When a feature
|
||||
is not available, attempting to use it may result in unpredictable
|
||||
behaviour, and is not guaranteed to result in any reliable indication
|
||||
that the feature is unavailable, such as a SIGILL.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2. Interpretation of hwcaps
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The majority of hwcaps are intended to indicate the presence of features
|
||||
which are described by architected ID registers inaccessible to
|
||||
userspace code at EL0. These hwcaps are defined in terms of ID register
|
||||
fields, and should be interpreted with reference to the definition of
|
||||
these fields in the ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARM ARM).
|
||||
|
||||
Such hwcaps are described below in the form:
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by idreg.field == val.
|
||||
|
||||
Such hwcaps indicate the availability of functionality that the ARM ARM
|
||||
defines as being present when idreg.field has value val, but do not
|
||||
indicate that idreg.field is precisely equal to val, nor do they
|
||||
indicate the absence of functionality implied by other values of
|
||||
idreg.field.
|
||||
|
||||
Other hwcaps may indicate the presence of features which cannot be
|
||||
described by ID registers alone. These may be described without
|
||||
reference to ID registers, and may refer to other documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. The hwcaps exposed in AT_HWCAP
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_FP
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.FP == 0b0000.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_ASIMD
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.AdvSIMD == 0b0000.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_EVTSTRM
|
||||
|
||||
The generic timer is configured to generate events at a frequency of
|
||||
approximately 100KHz.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_AES
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.AES == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_PMULL
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.AES == 0b0010.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SHA1
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA1 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SHA2
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA2 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_CRC32
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.CRC32 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_ATOMICS
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.Atomic == 0b0010.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_FPHP
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.FP == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_ASIMDHP
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.AdvSIMD == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_CPUID
|
||||
|
||||
EL0 access to certain ID registers is available, to the extent
|
||||
described by Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.txt.
|
||||
|
||||
These ID registers may imply the availability of features.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_ASIMDRDM
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.RDM == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_JSCVT
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.JSCVT == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_FCMA
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.FCMA == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_LRCPC
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.LRCPC == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_DCPOP
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1.DPB == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SHA3
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA3 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SM3
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SM3 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SM4
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SM4 == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_ASIMDDP
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.DP == 0b0001.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SHA512
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA2 == 0b0002.
|
||||
|
||||
HWCAP_SVE
|
||||
|
||||
Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.SVE == 0b0001.
|
||||
@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Translation table lookup with 64KB pages:
|
||||
+-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When using KVM, the hypervisor maps kernel pages in EL2, at a fixed
|
||||
offset from the kernel VA (top 24bits of the kernel VA set to zero):
|
||||
When using KVM without the Virtualization Host Extensions, the hypervisor
|
||||
maps kernel pages in EL2 at a fixed offset from the kernel VA. See the
|
||||
kern_hyp_va macro for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
Start End Size Use
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
0000004000000000 0000007fffffffff 256GB kernel objects mapped in HYP
|
||||
When using KVM with the Virtualization Host Extensions, no additional
|
||||
mappings are created, since the host kernel runs directly in EL2.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ stable kernels.
|
||||
| | | | |
|
||||
| Hisilicon | Hip0{5,6,7} | #161010101 | HISILICON_ERRATUM_161010101 |
|
||||
| Hisilicon | Hip0{6,7} | #161010701 | N/A |
|
||||
| Hisilicon | Hip07 | #161600802 | HISILICON_ERRATUM_161600802 |
|
||||
| | | | |
|
||||
| Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1003 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1003 |
|
||||
| Qualcomm Tech. | Falkor v1 | E1009 | QCOM_FALKOR_ERRATUM_1009 |
|
||||
|
||||
508
Documentation/arm64/sve.txt
Normal file
508
Documentation/arm64/sve.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
|
||||
Scalable Vector Extension support for AArch64 Linux
|
||||
===================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Author: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
|
||||
Date: 4 August 2017
|
||||
|
||||
This document outlines briefly the interface provided to userspace by Linux in
|
||||
order to support use of the ARM Scalable Vector Extension (SVE).
|
||||
|
||||
This is an outline of the most important features and issues only and not
|
||||
intended to be exhaustive.
|
||||
|
||||
This document does not aim to describe the SVE architecture or programmer's
|
||||
model. To aid understanding, a minimal description of relevant programmer's
|
||||
model features for SVE is included in Appendix A.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. General
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
* SVE registers Z0..Z31, P0..P15 and FFR and the current vector length VL, are
|
||||
tracked per-thread.
|
||||
|
||||
* The presence of SVE is reported to userspace via HWCAP_SVE in the aux vector
|
||||
AT_HWCAP entry. Presence of this flag implies the presence of the SVE
|
||||
instructions and registers, and the Linux-specific system interfaces
|
||||
described in this document. SVE is reported in /proc/cpuinfo as "sve".
|
||||
|
||||
* Support for the execution of SVE instructions in userspace can also be
|
||||
detected by reading the CPU ID register ID_AA64PFR0_EL1 using an MRS
|
||||
instruction, and checking that the value of the SVE field is nonzero. [3]
|
||||
|
||||
It does not guarantee the presence of the system interfaces described in the
|
||||
following sections: software that needs to verify that those interfaces are
|
||||
present must check for HWCAP_SVE instead.
|
||||
|
||||
* Debuggers should restrict themselves to interacting with the target via the
|
||||
NT_ARM_SVE regset. The recommended way of detecting support for this regset
|
||||
is to connect to a target process first and then attempt a
|
||||
ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_ARM_SVE, &iov).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2. Vector length terminology
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The size of an SVE vector (Z) register is referred to as the "vector length".
|
||||
|
||||
To avoid confusion about the units used to express vector length, the kernel
|
||||
adopts the following conventions:
|
||||
|
||||
* Vector length (VL) = size of a Z-register in bytes
|
||||
|
||||
* Vector quadwords (VQ) = size of a Z-register in units of 128 bits
|
||||
|
||||
(So, VL = 16 * VQ.)
|
||||
|
||||
The VQ convention is used where the underlying granularity is important, such
|
||||
as in data structure definitions. In most other situations, the VL convention
|
||||
is used. This is consistent with the meaning of the "VL" pseudo-register in
|
||||
the SVE instruction set architecture.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. System call behaviour
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* On syscall, V0..V31 are preserved (as without SVE). Thus, bits [127:0] of
|
||||
Z0..Z31 are preserved. All other bits of Z0..Z31, and all of P0..P15 and FFR
|
||||
become unspecified on return from a syscall.
|
||||
|
||||
* The SVE registers are not used to pass arguments to or receive results from
|
||||
any syscall.
|
||||
|
||||
* In practice the affected registers/bits will be preserved or will be replaced
|
||||
with zeros on return from a syscall, but userspace should not make
|
||||
assumptions about this. The kernel behaviour may vary on a case-by-case
|
||||
basis.
|
||||
|
||||
* All other SVE state of a thread, including the currently configured vector
|
||||
length, the state of the PR_SVE_VL_INHERIT flag, and the deferred vector
|
||||
length (if any), is preserved across all syscalls, subject to the specific
|
||||
exceptions for execve() described in section 6.
|
||||
|
||||
In particular, on return from a fork() or clone(), the parent and new child
|
||||
process or thread share identical SVE configuration, matching that of the
|
||||
parent before the call.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. Signal handling
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* A new signal frame record sve_context encodes the SVE registers on signal
|
||||
delivery. [1]
|
||||
|
||||
* This record is supplementary to fpsimd_context. The FPSR and FPCR registers
|
||||
are only present in fpsimd_context. For convenience, the content of V0..V31
|
||||
is duplicated between sve_context and fpsimd_context.
|
||||
|
||||
* The signal frame record for SVE always contains basic metadata, in particular
|
||||
the thread's vector length (in sve_context.vl).
|
||||
|
||||
* The SVE registers may or may not be included in the record, depending on
|
||||
whether the registers are live for the thread. The registers are present if
|
||||
and only if:
|
||||
sve_context.head.size >= SVE_SIG_CONTEXT_SIZE(sve_vq_from_vl(sve_context.vl)).
|
||||
|
||||
* If the registers are present, the remainder of the record has a vl-dependent
|
||||
size and layout. Macros SVE_SIG_* are defined [1] to facilitate access to
|
||||
the members.
|
||||
|
||||
* If the SVE context is too big to fit in sigcontext.__reserved[], then extra
|
||||
space is allocated on the stack, an extra_context record is written in
|
||||
__reserved[] referencing this space. sve_context is then written in the
|
||||
extra space. Refer to [1] for further details about this mechanism.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5. Signal return
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
When returning from a signal handler:
|
||||
|
||||
* If there is no sve_context record in the signal frame, or if the record is
|
||||
present but contains no register data as desribed in the previous section,
|
||||
then the SVE registers/bits become non-live and take unspecified values.
|
||||
|
||||
* If sve_context is present in the signal frame and contains full register
|
||||
data, the SVE registers become live and are populated with the specified
|
||||
data. However, for backward compatibility reasons, bits [127:0] of Z0..Z31
|
||||
are always restored from the corresponding members of fpsimd_context.vregs[]
|
||||
and not from sve_context. The remaining bits are restored from sve_context.
|
||||
|
||||
* Inclusion of fpsimd_context in the signal frame remains mandatory,
|
||||
irrespective of whether sve_context is present or not.
|
||||
|
||||
* The vector length cannot be changed via signal return. If sve_context.vl in
|
||||
the signal frame does not match the current vector length, the signal return
|
||||
attempt is treated as illegal, resulting in a forced SIGSEGV.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
6. prctl extensions
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Some new prctl() calls are added to allow programs to manage the SVE vector
|
||||
length:
|
||||
|
||||
prctl(PR_SVE_SET_VL, unsigned long arg)
|
||||
|
||||
Sets the vector length of the calling thread and related flags, where
|
||||
arg == vl | flags. Other threads of the calling process are unaffected.
|
||||
|
||||
vl is the desired vector length, where sve_vl_valid(vl) must be true.
|
||||
|
||||
flags:
|
||||
|
||||
PR_SVE_SET_VL_INHERIT
|
||||
|
||||
Inherit the current vector length across execve(). Otherwise, the
|
||||
vector length is reset to the system default at execve(). (See
|
||||
Section 9.)
|
||||
|
||||
PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC
|
||||
|
||||
Defer the requested vector length change until the next execve()
|
||||
performed by this thread.
|
||||
|
||||
The effect is equivalent to implicit exceution of the following
|
||||
call immediately after the next execve() (if any) by the thread:
|
||||
|
||||
prctl(PR_SVE_SET_VL, arg & ~PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC)
|
||||
|
||||
This allows launching of a new program with a different vector
|
||||
length, while avoiding runtime side effects in the caller.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Without PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC, the requested change takes effect
|
||||
immediately.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Return value: a nonnegative on success, or a negative value on error:
|
||||
EINVAL: SVE not supported, invalid vector length requested, or
|
||||
invalid flags.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
On success:
|
||||
|
||||
* Either the calling thread's vector length or the deferred vector length
|
||||
to be applied at the next execve() by the thread (dependent on whether
|
||||
PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC is present in arg), is set to the largest value
|
||||
supported by the system that is less than or equal to vl. If vl ==
|
||||
SVE_VL_MAX, the value set will be the largest value supported by the
|
||||
system.
|
||||
|
||||
* Any previously outstanding deferred vector length change in the calling
|
||||
thread is cancelled.
|
||||
|
||||
* The returned value describes the resulting configuration, encoded as for
|
||||
PR_SVE_GET_VL. The vector length reported in this value is the new
|
||||
current vector length for this thread if PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC was not
|
||||
present in arg; otherwise, the reported vector length is the deferred
|
||||
vector length that will be applied at the next execve() by the calling
|
||||
thread.
|
||||
|
||||
* Changing the vector length causes all of P0..P15, FFR and all bits of
|
||||
Z0..V31 except for Z0 bits [127:0] .. Z31 bits [127:0] to become
|
||||
unspecified. Calling PR_SVE_SET_VL with vl equal to the thread's current
|
||||
vector length, or calling PR_SVE_SET_VL with the PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC
|
||||
flag, does not constitute a change to the vector length for this purpose.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
prctl(PR_SVE_GET_VL)
|
||||
|
||||
Gets the vector length of the calling thread.
|
||||
|
||||
The following flag may be OR-ed into the result:
|
||||
|
||||
PR_SVE_SET_VL_INHERIT
|
||||
|
||||
Vector length will be inherited across execve().
|
||||
|
||||
There is no way to determine whether there is an outstanding deferred
|
||||
vector length change (which would only normally be the case between a
|
||||
fork() or vfork() and the corresponding execve() in typical use).
|
||||
|
||||
To extract the vector length from the result, and it with
|
||||
PR_SVE_VL_LEN_MASK.
|
||||
|
||||
Return value: a nonnegative value on success, or a negative value on error:
|
||||
EINVAL: SVE not supported.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
7. ptrace extensions
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* A new regset NT_ARM_SVE is defined for use with PTRACE_GETREGSET and
|
||||
PTRACE_SETREGSET.
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to [2] for definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
The regset data starts with struct user_sve_header, containing:
|
||||
|
||||
size
|
||||
|
||||
Size of the complete regset, in bytes.
|
||||
This depends on vl and possibly on other things in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
If a call to PTRACE_GETREGSET requests less data than the value of
|
||||
size, the caller can allocate a larger buffer and retry in order to
|
||||
read the complete regset.
|
||||
|
||||
max_size
|
||||
|
||||
Maximum size in bytes that the regset can grow to for the target
|
||||
thread. The regset won't grow bigger than this even if the target
|
||||
thread changes its vector length etc.
|
||||
|
||||
vl
|
||||
|
||||
Target thread's current vector length, in bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
max_vl
|
||||
|
||||
Maximum possible vector length for the target thread.
|
||||
|
||||
flags
|
||||
|
||||
either
|
||||
|
||||
SVE_PT_REGS_FPSIMD
|
||||
|
||||
SVE registers are not live (GETREGSET) or are to be made
|
||||
non-live (SETREGSET).
|
||||
|
||||
The payload is of type struct user_fpsimd_state, with the same
|
||||
meaning as for NT_PRFPREG, starting at offset
|
||||
SVE_PT_FPSIMD_OFFSET from the start of user_sve_header.
|
||||
|
||||
Extra data might be appended in the future: the size of the
|
||||
payload should be obtained using SVE_PT_FPSIMD_SIZE(vq, flags).
|
||||
|
||||
vq should be obtained using sve_vq_from_vl(vl).
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
SVE_PT_REGS_SVE
|
||||
|
||||
SVE registers are live (GETREGSET) or are to be made live
|
||||
(SETREGSET).
|
||||
|
||||
The payload contains the SVE register data, starting at offset
|
||||
SVE_PT_SVE_OFFSET from the start of user_sve_header, and with
|
||||
size SVE_PT_SVE_SIZE(vq, flags);
|
||||
|
||||
... OR-ed with zero or more of the following flags, which have the same
|
||||
meaning and behaviour as the corresponding PR_SET_VL_* flags:
|
||||
|
||||
SVE_PT_VL_INHERIT
|
||||
|
||||
SVE_PT_VL_ONEXEC (SETREGSET only).
|
||||
|
||||
* The effects of changing the vector length and/or flags are equivalent to
|
||||
those documented for PR_SVE_SET_VL.
|
||||
|
||||
The caller must make a further GETREGSET call if it needs to know what VL is
|
||||
actually set by SETREGSET, unless is it known in advance that the requested
|
||||
VL is supported.
|
||||
|
||||
* In the SVE_PT_REGS_SVE case, the size and layout of the payload depends on
|
||||
the header fields. The SVE_PT_SVE_*() macros are provided to facilitate
|
||||
access to the members.
|
||||
|
||||
* In either case, for SETREGSET it is permissible to omit the payload, in which
|
||||
case only the vector length and flags are changed (along with any
|
||||
consequences of those changes).
|
||||
|
||||
* For SETREGSET, if an SVE_PT_REGS_SVE payload is present and the
|
||||
requested VL is not supported, the effect will be the same as if the
|
||||
payload were omitted, except that an EIO error is reported. No
|
||||
attempt is made to translate the payload data to the correct layout
|
||||
for the vector length actually set. The thread's FPSIMD state is
|
||||
preserved, but the remaining bits of the SVE registers become
|
||||
unspecified. It is up to the caller to translate the payload layout
|
||||
for the actual VL and retry.
|
||||
|
||||
* The effect of writing a partial, incomplete payload is unspecified.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
8. ELF coredump extensions
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* A NT_ARM_SVE note will be added to each coredump for each thread of the
|
||||
dumped process. The contents will be equivalent to the data that would have
|
||||
been read if a PTRACE_GETREGSET of NT_ARM_SVE were executed for each thread
|
||||
when the coredump was generated.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
9. System runtime configuration
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
* To mitigate the ABI impact of expansion of the signal frame, a policy
|
||||
mechanism is provided for administrators, distro maintainers and developers
|
||||
to set the default vector length for userspace processes:
|
||||
|
||||
/proc/sys/abi/sve_default_vector_length
|
||||
|
||||
Writing the text representation of an integer to this file sets the system
|
||||
default vector length to the specified value, unless the value is greater
|
||||
than the maximum vector length supported by the system in which case the
|
||||
default vector length is set to that maximum.
|
||||
|
||||
The result can be determined by reopening the file and reading its
|
||||
contents.
|
||||
|
||||
At boot, the default vector length is initially set to 64 or the maximum
|
||||
supported vector length, whichever is smaller. This determines the initial
|
||||
vector length of the init process (PID 1).
|
||||
|
||||
Reading this file returns the current system default vector length.
|
||||
|
||||
* At every execve() call, the new vector length of the new process is set to
|
||||
the system default vector length, unless
|
||||
|
||||
* PR_SVE_SET_VL_INHERIT (or equivalently SVE_PT_VL_INHERIT) is set for the
|
||||
calling thread, or
|
||||
|
||||
* a deferred vector length change is pending, established via the
|
||||
PR_SVE_SET_VL_ONEXEC flag (or SVE_PT_VL_ONEXEC).
|
||||
|
||||
* Modifying the system default vector length does not affect the vector length
|
||||
of any existing process or thread that does not make an execve() call.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Appendix A. SVE programmer's model (informative)
|
||||
=================================================
|
||||
|
||||
This section provides a minimal description of the additions made by SVE to the
|
||||
ARMv8-A programmer's model that are relevant to this document.
|
||||
|
||||
Note: This section is for information only and not intended to be complete or
|
||||
to replace any architectural specification.
|
||||
|
||||
A.1. Registers
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
In A64 state, SVE adds the following:
|
||||
|
||||
* 32 8VL-bit vector registers Z0..Z31
|
||||
For each Zn, Zn bits [127:0] alias the ARMv8-A vector register Vn.
|
||||
|
||||
A register write using a Vn register name zeros all bits of the corresponding
|
||||
Zn except for bits [127:0].
|
||||
|
||||
* 16 VL-bit predicate registers P0..P15
|
||||
|
||||
* 1 VL-bit special-purpose predicate register FFR (the "first-fault register")
|
||||
|
||||
* a VL "pseudo-register" that determines the size of each vector register
|
||||
|
||||
The SVE instruction set architecture provides no way to write VL directly.
|
||||
Instead, it can be modified only by EL1 and above, by writing appropriate
|
||||
system registers.
|
||||
|
||||
* The value of VL can be configured at runtime by EL1 and above:
|
||||
16 <= VL <= VLmax, where VL must be a multiple of 16.
|
||||
|
||||
* The maximum vector length is determined by the hardware:
|
||||
16 <= VLmax <= 256.
|
||||
|
||||
(The SVE architecture specifies 256, but permits future architecture
|
||||
revisions to raise this limit.)
|
||||
|
||||
* FPSR and FPCR are retained from ARMv8-A, and interact with SVE floating-point
|
||||
operations in a similar way to the way in which they interact with ARMv8
|
||||
floating-point operations.
|
||||
|
||||
8VL-1 128 0 bit index
|
||||
+---- //// -----------------+
|
||||
Z0 | : V0 |
|
||||
: :
|
||||
Z7 | : V7 |
|
||||
Z8 | : * V8 |
|
||||
: : :
|
||||
Z15 | : *V15 |
|
||||
Z16 | : V16 |
|
||||
: :
|
||||
Z31 | : V31 |
|
||||
+---- //// -----------------+
|
||||
31 0
|
||||
VL-1 0 +-------+
|
||||
+---- //// --+ FPSR | |
|
||||
P0 | | +-------+
|
||||
: | | *FPCR | |
|
||||
P15 | | +-------+
|
||||
+---- //// --+
|
||||
FFR | | +-----+
|
||||
+---- //// --+ VL | |
|
||||
+-----+
|
||||
|
||||
(*) callee-save:
|
||||
This only applies to bits [63:0] of Z-/V-registers.
|
||||
FPCR contains callee-save and caller-save bits. See [4] for details.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A.2. Procedure call standard
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The ARMv8-A base procedure call standard is extended as follows with respect to
|
||||
the additional SVE register state:
|
||||
|
||||
* All SVE register bits that are not shared with FP/SIMD are caller-save.
|
||||
|
||||
* Z8 bits [63:0] .. Z15 bits [63:0] are callee-save.
|
||||
|
||||
This follows from the way these bits are mapped to V8..V15, which are caller-
|
||||
save in the base procedure call standard.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Appendix B. ARMv8-A FP/SIMD programmer's model
|
||||
===============================================
|
||||
|
||||
Note: This section is for information only and not intended to be complete or
|
||||
to replace any architectural specification.
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to [4] for for more information.
|
||||
|
||||
ARMv8-A defines the following floating-point / SIMD register state:
|
||||
|
||||
* 32 128-bit vector registers V0..V31
|
||||
* 2 32-bit status/control registers FPSR, FPCR
|
||||
|
||||
127 0 bit index
|
||||
+---------------+
|
||||
V0 | |
|
||||
: : :
|
||||
V7 | |
|
||||
* V8 | |
|
||||
: : : :
|
||||
*V15 | |
|
||||
V16 | |
|
||||
: : :
|
||||
V31 | |
|
||||
+---------------+
|
||||
|
||||
31 0
|
||||
+-------+
|
||||
FPSR | |
|
||||
+-------+
|
||||
*FPCR | |
|
||||
+-------+
|
||||
|
||||
(*) callee-save:
|
||||
This only applies to bits [63:0] of V-registers.
|
||||
FPCR contains a mixture of callee-save and caller-save bits.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
References
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
[1] arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/sigcontext.h
|
||||
AArch64 Linux signal ABI definitions
|
||||
|
||||
[2] arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/ptrace.h
|
||||
AArch64 Linux ptrace ABI definitions
|
||||
|
||||
[3] linux/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.txt
|
||||
|
||||
[4] ARM IHI0055C
|
||||
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0055c/IHI0055C_beta_aapcs64.pdf
|
||||
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.subset.swdev.abi/index.html
|
||||
Procedure Call Standard for the ARM 64-bit Architecture (AArch64)
|
||||
@ -20,12 +20,27 @@ for that device, by setting low_latency to 0. See Section 3 for
|
||||
details on how to configure BFQ for the desired tradeoff between
|
||||
latency and throughput, or on how to maximize throughput.
|
||||
|
||||
On average CPUs, the current version of BFQ can handle devices
|
||||
performing at most ~30K IOPS; at most ~50 KIOPS on faster CPUs. As a
|
||||
reference, 30-50 KIOPS correspond to very high bandwidths with
|
||||
sequential I/O (e.g., 8-12 GB/s if I/O requests are 256 KB large), and
|
||||
to 120-200 MB/s with 4KB random I/O. BFQ is currently being tested on
|
||||
multi-queue devices too.
|
||||
BFQ has a non-null overhead, which limits the maximum IOPS that a CPU
|
||||
can process for a device scheduled with BFQ. To give an idea of the
|
||||
limits on slow or average CPUs, here are, first, the limits of BFQ for
|
||||
three different CPUs, on, respectively, an average laptop, an old
|
||||
desktop, and a cheap embedded system, in case full hierarchical
|
||||
support is enabled (i.e., CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED is set), but
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP is not set (Section 4-2):
|
||||
- Intel i7-4850HQ: 400 KIOPS
|
||||
- AMD A8-3850: 250 KIOPS
|
||||
- ARM CortexTM-A53 Octa-core: 80 KIOPS
|
||||
|
||||
If CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP is set (and of course full hierarchical
|
||||
support is enabled), then the sustainable throughput with BFQ
|
||||
decreases, because all blkio.bfq* statistics are created and updated
|
||||
(Section 4-2). For BFQ, this leads to the following maximum
|
||||
sustainable throughputs, on the same systems as above:
|
||||
- Intel i7-4850HQ: 310 KIOPS
|
||||
- AMD A8-3850: 200 KIOPS
|
||||
- ARM CortexTM-A53 Octa-core: 56 KIOPS
|
||||
|
||||
BFQ works for multi-queue devices too.
|
||||
|
||||
The table of contents follow. Impatients can just jump to Section 3.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -500,6 +515,22 @@ BFQ-specific files is "blkio.bfq." or "io.bfq." For example, the group
|
||||
parameter to set the weight of a group with BFQ is blkio.bfq.weight
|
||||
or io.bfq.weight.
|
||||
|
||||
As for cgroups-v1 (blkio controller), the exact set of stat files
|
||||
created, and kept up-to-date by bfq, depends on whether
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP is set. If it is set, then bfq creates all
|
||||
the stat files documented in
|
||||
Documentation/cgroup-v1/blkio-controller.txt. If, instead,
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP is not set, then bfq creates only the files
|
||||
blkio.bfq.io_service_bytes
|
||||
blkio.bfq.io_service_bytes_recursive
|
||||
blkio.bfq.io_serviced
|
||||
blkio.bfq.io_serviced_recursive
|
||||
|
||||
The value of CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP greatly influences the maximum
|
||||
throughput sustainable with bfq, because updating the blkio.bfq.*
|
||||
stats is rather costly, especially for some of the stats enabled by
|
||||
CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP.
|
||||
|
||||
Parameters to set
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -216,10 +216,9 @@ may need to abort DMA operations and revert to PIO for the transfer, in
|
||||
which case a virtual mapping of the page is required. For SCSI it is also
|
||||
done in some scenarios where the low level driver cannot be trusted to
|
||||
handle a single sg entry correctly. The driver is expected to perform the
|
||||
kmaps as needed on such occasions using the __bio_kmap_atomic and bio_kmap_irq
|
||||
routines as appropriate. A driver could also use the blk_queue_bounce()
|
||||
routine on its own to bounce highmem i/o to low memory for specific requests
|
||||
if so desired.
|
||||
kmaps as needed on such occasions as appropriate. A driver could also use
|
||||
the blk_queue_bounce() routine on its own to bounce highmem i/o to low
|
||||
memory for specific requests if so desired.
|
||||
|
||||
iii. The i/o scheduler algorithm itself can be replaced/set as appropriate
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1137,8 +1136,8 @@ use dma_map_sg for scatter gather) to be able to ship it to the driver. For
|
||||
PIO drivers (or drivers that need to revert to PIO transfer once in a
|
||||
while (IDE for example)), where the CPU is doing the actual data
|
||||
transfer a virtual mapping is needed. If the driver supports highmem I/O,
|
||||
(Sec 1.1, (ii) ) it needs to use __bio_kmap_atomic and bio_kmap_irq to
|
||||
temporarily map a bio into the virtual address space.
|
||||
(Sec 1.1, (ii) ) it needs to use kmap_atomic or similar to temporarily map
|
||||
a bio into the virtual address space.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
8. Prior/Related/Impacted patches
|
||||
|
||||
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ gb=[Size in GB]: Default: 250GB
|
||||
bs=[Block size (in bytes)]: Default: 512 bytes
|
||||
The block size reported to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 2
|
||||
nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 1
|
||||
Number of block devices instantiated. They are instantiated as /dev/nullb0,
|
||||
etc.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ irqmode=[0-2]: Default: 1-Soft-irq
|
||||
2: Timer: Waits a specific period (completion_nsec) for each IO before
|
||||
completion.
|
||||
|
||||
completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10.000ns
|
||||
completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10,000ns
|
||||
Combined with irqmode=2 (timer). The time each completion event must wait.
|
||||
|
||||
submit_queues=[0..nr_cpus]:
|
||||
submit_queues=[1..nr_cpus]:
|
||||
The number of submission queues attached to the device driver. If unset, it
|
||||
defaults to 1 on single-queue and bio-based instances. For multi-queue,
|
||||
it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module parameter is 1.
|
||||
defaults to 1. For multi-queue, it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module
|
||||
parameter is 1.
|
||||
|
||||
hw_queue_depth=[0..qdepth]: Default: 64
|
||||
The hardware queue depth of the device.
|
||||
@ -73,3 +73,12 @@ use_per_node_hctx=[0/1]: Default: 0
|
||||
|
||||
use_lightnvm=[0/1]: Default: 0
|
||||
Register device with LightNVM. Requires blk-mq and CONFIG_NVM to be enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
no_sched=[0/1]: Default: 0
|
||||
0: nullb* use default blk-mq io scheduler.
|
||||
1: nullb* doesn't use io scheduler.
|
||||
|
||||
shared_tags=[0/1]: Default: 0
|
||||
0: Tag set is not shared.
|
||||
1: Tag set shared between devices for blk-mq. Only makes sense with
|
||||
nr_devices > 1, otherwise there's no tag set to share.
|
||||
|
||||
156
Documentation/bpf/bpf_design_QA.txt
Normal file
156
Documentation/bpf/bpf_design_QA.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
|
||||
BPF extensibility and applicability to networking, tracing, security
|
||||
in the linux kernel and several user space implementations of BPF
|
||||
virtual machine led to a number of misunderstanding on what BPF actually is.
|
||||
This short QA is an attempt to address that and outline a direction
|
||||
of where BPF is heading long term.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Is BPF a generic instruction set similar to x64 and arm64?
|
||||
A: NO.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Is BPF a generic virtual machine ?
|
||||
A: NO.
|
||||
|
||||
BPF is generic instruction set _with_ C calling convention.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Why C calling convention was chosen?
|
||||
A: Because BPF programs are designed to run in the linux kernel
|
||||
which is written in C, hence BPF defines instruction set compatible
|
||||
with two most used architectures x64 and arm64 (and takes into
|
||||
consideration important quirks of other architectures) and
|
||||
defines calling convention that is compatible with C calling
|
||||
convention of the linux kernel on those architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: can multiple return values be supported in the future?
|
||||
A: NO. BPF allows only register R0 to be used as return value.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: can more than 5 function arguments be supported in the future?
|
||||
A: NO. BPF calling convention only allows registers R1-R5 to be used
|
||||
as arguments. BPF is not a standalone instruction set.
|
||||
(unlike x64 ISA that allows msft, cdecl and other conventions)
|
||||
|
||||
Q: can BPF programs access instruction pointer or return address?
|
||||
A: NO.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: can BPF programs access stack pointer ?
|
||||
A: NO. Only frame pointer (register R10) is accessible.
|
||||
From compiler point of view it's necessary to have stack pointer.
|
||||
For example LLVM defines register R11 as stack pointer in its
|
||||
BPF backend, but it makes sure that generated code never uses it.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Does C-calling convention diminishes possible use cases?
|
||||
A: YES. BPF design forces addition of major functionality in the form
|
||||
of kernel helper functions and kernel objects like BPF maps with
|
||||
seamless interoperability between them. It lets kernel call into
|
||||
BPF programs and programs call kernel helpers with zero overhead.
|
||||
As all of them were native C code. That is particularly the case
|
||||
for JITed BPF programs that are indistinguishable from
|
||||
native kernel C code.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Does it mean that 'innovative' extensions to BPF code are disallowed?
|
||||
A: Soft yes. At least for now until BPF core has support for
|
||||
bpf-to-bpf calls, indirect calls, loops, global variables,
|
||||
jump tables, read only sections and all other normal constructs
|
||||
that C code can produce.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can loops be supported in a safe way?
|
||||
A: It's not clear yet. BPF developers are trying to find a way to
|
||||
support bounded loops where the verifier can guarantee that
|
||||
the program terminates in less than 4096 instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: How come LD_ABS and LD_IND instruction are present in BPF whereas
|
||||
C code cannot express them and has to use builtin intrinsics?
|
||||
A: This is artifact of compatibility with classic BPF. Modern
|
||||
networking code in BPF performs better without them.
|
||||
See 'direct packet access'.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: It seems not all BPF instructions are one-to-one to native CPU.
|
||||
For example why BPF_JNE and other compare and jumps are not cpu-like?
|
||||
A: This was necessary to avoid introducing flags into ISA which are
|
||||
impossible to make generic and efficient across CPU architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: why BPF_DIV instruction doesn't map to x64 div?
|
||||
A: Because if we picked one-to-one relationship to x64 it would have made
|
||||
it more complicated to support on arm64 and other archs. Also it
|
||||
needs div-by-zero runtime check.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: why there is no BPF_SDIV for signed divide operation?
|
||||
A: Because it would be rarely used. llvm errors in such case and
|
||||
prints a suggestion to use unsigned divide instead
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Why BPF has implicit prologue and epilogue?
|
||||
A: Because architectures like sparc have register windows and in general
|
||||
there are enough subtle differences between architectures, so naive
|
||||
store return address into stack won't work. Another reason is BPF has
|
||||
to be safe from division by zero (and legacy exception path
|
||||
of LD_ABS insn). Those instructions need to invoke epilogue and
|
||||
return implicitly.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Why BPF_JLT and BPF_JLE instructions were not introduced in the beginning?
|
||||
A: Because classic BPF didn't have them and BPF authors felt that compiler
|
||||
workaround would be acceptable. Turned out that programs lose performance
|
||||
due to lack of these compare instructions and they were added.
|
||||
These two instructions is a perfect example what kind of new BPF
|
||||
instructions are acceptable and can be added in the future.
|
||||
These two already had equivalent instructions in native CPUs.
|
||||
New instructions that don't have one-to-one mapping to HW instructions
|
||||
will not be accepted.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: BPF 32-bit subregisters have a requirement to zero upper 32-bits of BPF
|
||||
registers which makes BPF inefficient virtual machine for 32-bit
|
||||
CPU architectures and 32-bit HW accelerators. Can true 32-bit registers
|
||||
be added to BPF in the future?
|
||||
A: NO. The first thing to improve performance on 32-bit archs is to teach
|
||||
LLVM to generate code that uses 32-bit subregisters. Then second step
|
||||
is to teach verifier to mark operations where zero-ing upper bits
|
||||
is unnecessary. Then JITs can take advantage of those markings and
|
||||
drastically reduce size of generated code and improve performance.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Does BPF have a stable ABI?
|
||||
A: YES. BPF instructions, arguments to BPF programs, set of helper
|
||||
functions and their arguments, recognized return codes are all part
|
||||
of ABI. However when tracing programs are using bpf_probe_read() helper
|
||||
to walk kernel internal datastructures and compile with kernel
|
||||
internal headers these accesses can and will break with newer
|
||||
kernels. The union bpf_attr -> kern_version is checked at load time
|
||||
to prevent accidentally loading kprobe-based bpf programs written
|
||||
for a different kernel. Networking programs don't do kern_version check.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: How much stack space a BPF program uses?
|
||||
A: Currently all program types are limited to 512 bytes of stack
|
||||
space, but the verifier computes the actual amount of stack used
|
||||
and both interpreter and most JITed code consume necessary amount.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can BPF be offloaded to HW?
|
||||
A: YES. BPF HW offload is supported by NFP driver.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Does classic BPF interpreter still exist?
|
||||
A: NO. Classic BPF programs are converted into extend BPF instructions.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can BPF call arbitrary kernel functions?
|
||||
A: NO. BPF programs can only call a set of helper functions which
|
||||
is defined for every program type.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can BPF overwrite arbitrary kernel memory?
|
||||
A: NO. Tracing bpf programs can _read_ arbitrary memory with bpf_probe_read()
|
||||
and bpf_probe_read_str() helpers. Networking programs cannot read
|
||||
arbitrary memory, since they don't have access to these helpers.
|
||||
Programs can never read or write arbitrary memory directly.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can BPF overwrite arbitrary user memory?
|
||||
A: Sort-of. Tracing BPF programs can overwrite the user memory
|
||||
of the current task with bpf_probe_write_user(). Every time such
|
||||
program is loaded the kernel will print warning message, so
|
||||
this helper is only useful for experiments and prototypes.
|
||||
Tracing BPF programs are root only.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: When bpf_trace_printk() helper is used the kernel prints nasty
|
||||
warning message. Why is that?
|
||||
A: This is done to nudge program authors into better interfaces when
|
||||
programs need to pass data to user space. Like bpf_perf_event_output()
|
||||
can be used to efficiently stream data via perf ring buffer.
|
||||
BPF maps can be used for asynchronous data sharing between kernel
|
||||
and user space. bpf_trace_printk() should only be used for debugging.
|
||||
|
||||
Q: Can BPF functionality such as new program or map types, new
|
||||
helpers, etc be added out of kernel module code?
|
||||
A: NO.
|
||||
@ -55,13 +55,9 @@ This driver provides the following features:
|
||||
(to compile support as a module which can be loaded and unloaded)
|
||||
to the options:
|
||||
|
||||
Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support
|
||||
ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
|
||||
Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support
|
||||
|
||||
and `no' to
|
||||
|
||||
Use old disk-only driver on primary interface
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on what type of IDE interface you have, you may need to
|
||||
specify additional configuration options. See
|
||||
Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -893,10 +893,6 @@ Controllers
|
||||
CPU
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
The interface for the cpu controller hasn't been merged yet
|
||||
|
||||
The "cpu" controllers regulates distribution of CPU cycles. This
|
||||
controller implements weight and absolute bandwidth limit models for
|
||||
normal scheduling policy and absolute bandwidth allocation model for
|
||||
@ -910,12 +906,16 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
|
||||
|
||||
cpu.stat
|
||||
A read-only flat-keyed file which exists on non-root cgroups.
|
||||
This file exists whether the controller is enabled or not.
|
||||
|
||||
It reports the following six stats:
|
||||
It always reports the following three stats:
|
||||
|
||||
- usage_usec
|
||||
- user_usec
|
||||
- system_usec
|
||||
|
||||
and the following three when the controller is enabled:
|
||||
|
||||
- nr_periods
|
||||
- nr_throttled
|
||||
- throttled_usec
|
||||
@ -926,6 +926,18 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
|
||||
|
||||
The weight in the range [1, 10000].
|
||||
|
||||
cpu.weight.nice
|
||||
A read-write single value file which exists on non-root
|
||||
cgroups. The default is "0".
|
||||
|
||||
The nice value is in the range [-20, 19].
|
||||
|
||||
This interface file is an alternative interface for
|
||||
"cpu.weight" and allows reading and setting weight using the
|
||||
same values used by nice(2). Because the range is smaller and
|
||||
granularity is coarser for the nice values, the read value is
|
||||
the closest approximation of the current weight.
|
||||
|
||||
cpu.max
|
||||
A read-write two value file which exists on non-root cgroups.
|
||||
The default is "max 100000".
|
||||
@ -938,26 +950,6 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
|
||||
$PERIOD duration. "max" for $MAX indicates no limit. If only
|
||||
one number is written, $MAX is updated.
|
||||
|
||||
cpu.rt.max
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
The semantics of this file is still under discussion and the
|
||||
interface hasn't been merged yet
|
||||
|
||||
A read-write two value file which exists on all cgroups.
|
||||
The default is "0 100000".
|
||||
|
||||
The maximum realtime runtime allocation. Over-committing
|
||||
configurations are disallowed and process migrations are
|
||||
rejected if not enough bandwidth is available. It's in the
|
||||
following format::
|
||||
|
||||
$MAX $PERIOD
|
||||
|
||||
which indicates that the group may consume upto $MAX in each
|
||||
$PERIOD duration. If only one number is written, $MAX is
|
||||
updated.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Memory
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
7
Documentation/clearing-warn-once.txt
Normal file
7
Documentation/clearing-warn-once.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
WARN_ONCE / WARN_ON_ONCE only print a warning once.
|
||||
|
||||
echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/clear_warn_once
|
||||
|
||||
clears the state and allows the warnings to print once again.
|
||||
This can be useful after test suite runs to reproduce problems.
|
||||
@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
|
||||
The Linux Kernel API
|
||||
====================
|
||||
|
||||
Data Types
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
Doubly Linked Lists
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
List Management Functions
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/list.h
|
||||
:internal:
|
||||
@ -55,12 +53,27 @@ The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
|
||||
Bitmap Operations
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c
|
||||
:doc: bitmap introduction
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h
|
||||
:doc: declare bitmap
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h
|
||||
:doc: bitmap overview
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h
|
||||
:doc: bitmap bitops
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c
|
||||
:internal:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/bitmap.h
|
||||
:internal:
|
||||
|
||||
Command-line Parsing
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,20 +83,26 @@ Command-line Parsing
|
||||
CRC Functions
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc4.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc7.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc8.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc16.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-itu-t.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc32.c
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-ccitt.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-itu-t.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
idr/ida Functions
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -96,6 +115,30 @@ idr/ida Functions
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/idr.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
Math Functions in Linux
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
Base 2 log and power Functions
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/log2.h
|
||||
:internal:
|
||||
|
||||
Division Functions
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/asm-generic/div64.h
|
||||
:functions: do_div
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/math64.h
|
||||
:internal:
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/div64.c
|
||||
:functions: div_s64_rem div64_u64_rem div64_u64 div64_s64
|
||||
|
||||
.. kernel-doc:: lib/gcd.c
|
||||
:export:
|
||||
|
||||
Memory Management in Linux
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -177,18 +177,14 @@ Here is a sample module which implements a basic per cpu counter using
|
||||
printk("Read : CPU %d, count %ld\n", cpu,
|
||||
local_read(&per_cpu(counters, cpu)));
|
||||
}
|
||||
del_timer(&test_timer);
|
||||
test_timer.expires = jiffies + 1000;
|
||||
add_timer(&test_timer);
|
||||
mod_timer(&test_timer, jiffies + 1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static int __init test_init(void)
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* initialize the timer that will increment the counter */
|
||||
init_timer(&test_timer);
|
||||
test_timer.function = do_test_timer;
|
||||
test_timer.expires = jiffies + 1;
|
||||
add_timer(&test_timer);
|
||||
timer_setup(&test_timer, do_test_timer, 0);
|
||||
mod_timer(&test_timer, jiffies + 1);
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ Freq_i to Freq_j. Freq_i is in descending order with increasing rows and
|
||||
Freq_j is in descending order with increasing columns. The output here also
|
||||
contains the actual freq values for each row and column for better readability.
|
||||
|
||||
If the transition table is bigger than PAGE_SIZE, reading this will
|
||||
return an -EFBIG error.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
<mysystem>:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/stats # cat trans_table
|
||||
From : To
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,59 +7,27 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
struct tcrypt_result {
|
||||
struct completion completion;
|
||||
int err;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/* tie all data structures together */
|
||||
struct skcipher_def {
|
||||
struct scatterlist sg;
|
||||
struct crypto_skcipher *tfm;
|
||||
struct skcipher_request *req;
|
||||
struct tcrypt_result result;
|
||||
struct crypto_wait wait;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/* Callback function */
|
||||
static void test_skcipher_cb(struct crypto_async_request *req, int error)
|
||||
{
|
||||
struct tcrypt_result *result = req->data;
|
||||
|
||||
if (error == -EINPROGRESS)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
result->err = error;
|
||||
complete(&result->completion);
|
||||
pr_info("Encryption finished successfully\n");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Perform cipher operation */
|
||||
static unsigned int test_skcipher_encdec(struct skcipher_def *sk,
|
||||
int enc)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int rc = 0;
|
||||
int rc;
|
||||
|
||||
if (enc)
|
||||
rc = crypto_skcipher_encrypt(sk->req);
|
||||
rc = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_encrypt(sk->req), &sk->wait);
|
||||
else
|
||||
rc = crypto_skcipher_decrypt(sk->req);
|
||||
rc = crypto_wait_req(crypto_skcipher_decrypt(sk->req), &sk->wait);
|
||||
|
||||
switch (rc) {
|
||||
case 0:
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case -EINPROGRESS:
|
||||
case -EBUSY:
|
||||
rc = wait_for_completion_interruptible(
|
||||
&sk->result.completion);
|
||||
if (!rc && !sk->result.err) {
|
||||
reinit_completion(&sk->result.completion);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
default:
|
||||
pr_info("skcipher encrypt returned with %d result %d\n",
|
||||
rc, sk->result.err);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
init_completion(&sk->result.completion);
|
||||
if (rc)
|
||||
pr_info("skcipher encrypt returned with result %d\n", rc);
|
||||
|
||||
return rc;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -89,8 +57,8 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
skcipher_request_set_callback(req, CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG,
|
||||
test_skcipher_cb,
|
||||
&sk.result);
|
||||
crypto_req_done,
|
||||
&sk.wait);
|
||||
|
||||
/* AES 256 with random key */
|
||||
get_random_bytes(&key, 32);
|
||||
@ -122,7 +90,7 @@ Code Example For Symmetric Key Cipher Operation
|
||||
/* We encrypt one block */
|
||||
sg_init_one(&sk.sg, scratchpad, 16);
|
||||
skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, &sk.sg, &sk.sg, 16, ivdata);
|
||||
init_completion(&sk.result.completion);
|
||||
crypto_init_wait(&sk.wait);
|
||||
|
||||
/* encrypt data */
|
||||
ret = test_skcipher_encdec(&sk, 1);
|
||||
|
||||
@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ of many distributions, e.g. :
|
||||
You can get the latest version released from the Coccinelle homepage at
|
||||
http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/
|
||||
|
||||
Information and tips about Coccinelle are also provided on the wiki
|
||||
pages at http://cocci.ekstranet.diku.dk/wiki/doku.php
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have it, run the following command::
|
||||
|
||||
./configure
|
||||
@ -209,7 +206,7 @@ err.log will now have the profiling information, while stdout will
|
||||
provide some progress information as Coccinelle moves forward with
|
||||
work.
|
||||
|
||||
DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.2.
|
||||
DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.0.2.
|
||||
|
||||
.cocciconfig support
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ whole; patches welcome!
|
||||
kasan
|
||||
ubsan
|
||||
kmemleak
|
||||
kmemcheck
|
||||
gdb-kernel-debugging
|
||||
kgdb
|
||||
kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,19 +12,30 @@ To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard interrupts
|
||||
and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic parts of kernel is
|
||||
disabled (e.g. scheduler, locking).
|
||||
|
||||
Usage
|
||||
-----
|
||||
kcov is also able to collect comparison operands from the instrumented code
|
||||
(this feature currently requires that the kernel is compiled with clang).
|
||||
|
||||
Prerequisites
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
Configure the kernel with::
|
||||
|
||||
CONFIG_KCOV=y
|
||||
|
||||
CONFIG_KCOV requires gcc built on revision 231296 or later.
|
||||
|
||||
If the comparison operands need to be collected, set::
|
||||
|
||||
CONFIG_KCOV_ENABLE_COMPARISONS=y
|
||||
|
||||
Profiling data will only become accessible once debugfs has been mounted::
|
||||
|
||||
mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
|
||||
|
||||
The following program demonstrates kcov usage from within a test program:
|
||||
Coverage collection
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
The following program demonstrates coverage collection from within a test
|
||||
program using kcov:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: c
|
||||
|
||||
@ -44,6 +55,9 @@ The following program demonstrates kcov usage from within a test program:
|
||||
#define KCOV_DISABLE _IO('c', 101)
|
||||
#define COVER_SIZE (64<<10)
|
||||
|
||||
#define KCOV_TRACE_PC 0
|
||||
#define KCOV_TRACE_CMP 1
|
||||
|
||||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int fd;
|
||||
@ -64,7 +78,7 @@ The following program demonstrates kcov usage from within a test program:
|
||||
if ((void*)cover == MAP_FAILED)
|
||||
perror("mmap"), exit(1);
|
||||
/* Enable coverage collection on the current thread. */
|
||||
if (ioctl(fd, KCOV_ENABLE, 0))
|
||||
if (ioctl(fd, KCOV_ENABLE, KCOV_TRACE_PC))
|
||||
perror("ioctl"), exit(1);
|
||||
/* Reset coverage from the tail of the ioctl() call. */
|
||||
__atomic_store_n(&cover[0], 0, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
|
||||
@ -111,3 +125,80 @@ The interface is fine-grained to allow efficient forking of test processes.
|
||||
That is, a parent process opens /sys/kernel/debug/kcov, enables trace mode,
|
||||
mmaps coverage buffer and then forks child processes in a loop. Child processes
|
||||
only need to enable coverage (disable happens automatically on thread end).
|
||||
|
||||
Comparison operands collection
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
Comparison operands collection is similar to coverage collection:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: c
|
||||
|
||||
/* Same includes and defines as above. */
|
||||
|
||||
/* Number of 64-bit words per record. */
|
||||
#define KCOV_WORDS_PER_CMP 4
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* The format for the types of collected comparisons.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Bit 0 shows whether one of the arguments is a compile-time constant.
|
||||
* Bits 1 & 2 contain log2 of the argument size, up to 8 bytes.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#define KCOV_CMP_CONST (1 << 0)
|
||||
#define KCOV_CMP_SIZE(n) ((n) << 1)
|
||||
#define KCOV_CMP_MASK KCOV_CMP_SIZE(3)
|
||||
|
||||
int main(int argc, char **argv)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int fd;
|
||||
uint64_t *cover, type, arg1, arg2, is_const, size;
|
||||
unsigned long n, i;
|
||||
|
||||
fd = open("/sys/kernel/debug/kcov", O_RDWR);
|
||||
if (fd == -1)
|
||||
perror("open"), exit(1);
|
||||
if (ioctl(fd, KCOV_INIT_TRACE, COVER_SIZE))
|
||||
perror("ioctl"), exit(1);
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Note that the buffer pointer is of type uint64_t*, because all
|
||||
* the comparison operands are promoted to uint64_t.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
cover = (uint64_t *)mmap(NULL, COVER_SIZE * sizeof(unsigned long),
|
||||
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
|
||||
if ((void*)cover == MAP_FAILED)
|
||||
perror("mmap"), exit(1);
|
||||
/* Note KCOV_TRACE_CMP instead of KCOV_TRACE_PC. */
|
||||
if (ioctl(fd, KCOV_ENABLE, KCOV_TRACE_CMP))
|
||||
perror("ioctl"), exit(1);
|
||||
__atomic_store_n(&cover[0], 0, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
|
||||
read(-1, NULL, 0);
|
||||
/* Read number of comparisons collected. */
|
||||
n = __atomic_load_n(&cover[0], __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
||||
type = cover[i * KCOV_WORDS_PER_CMP + 1];
|
||||
/* arg1 and arg2 - operands of the comparison. */
|
||||
arg1 = cover[i * KCOV_WORDS_PER_CMP + 2];
|
||||
arg2 = cover[i * KCOV_WORDS_PER_CMP + 3];
|
||||
/* ip - caller address. */
|
||||
ip = cover[i * KCOV_WORDS_PER_CMP + 4];
|
||||
/* size of the operands. */
|
||||
size = 1 << ((type & KCOV_CMP_MASK) >> 1);
|
||||
/* is_const - true if either operand is a compile-time constant.*/
|
||||
is_const = type & KCOV_CMP_CONST;
|
||||
printf("ip: 0x%lx type: 0x%lx, arg1: 0x%lx, arg2: 0x%lx, "
|
||||
"size: %lu, %s\n",
|
||||
ip, type, arg1, arg2, size,
|
||||
is_const ? "const" : "non-const");
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (ioctl(fd, KCOV_DISABLE, 0))
|
||||
perror("ioctl"), exit(1);
|
||||
/* Free resources. */
|
||||
if (munmap(cover, COVER_SIZE * sizeof(unsigned long)))
|
||||
perror("munmap"), exit(1);
|
||||
if (close(fd))
|
||||
perror("close"), exit(1);
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the kcov modes (coverage collection or comparison operands) are
|
||||
mutually exclusive.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,733 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Getting started with kmemcheck
|
||||
==============================
|
||||
|
||||
Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
------------
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck is a debugging feature for the Linux Kernel. More specifically, it
|
||||
is a dynamic checker that detects and warns about some uses of uninitialized
|
||||
memory.
|
||||
|
||||
Userspace programmers might be familiar with Valgrind's memcheck. The main
|
||||
difference between memcheck and kmemcheck is that memcheck works for userspace
|
||||
programs only, and kmemcheck works for the kernel only. The implementations
|
||||
are of course vastly different. Because of this, kmemcheck is not as accurate
|
||||
as memcheck, but it turns out to be good enough in practice to discover real
|
||||
programmer errors that the compiler is not able to find through static
|
||||
analysis.
|
||||
|
||||
Enabling kmemcheck on a kernel will probably slow it down to the extent that
|
||||
the machine will not be usable for normal workloads such as e.g. an
|
||||
interactive desktop. kmemcheck will also cause the kernel to use about twice
|
||||
as much memory as normal. For this reason, kmemcheck is strictly a debugging
|
||||
feature.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Downloading
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
As of version 2.6.31-rc1, kmemcheck is included in the mainline kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Configuring and compiling
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck only works for the x86 (both 32- and 64-bit) platform. A number of
|
||||
configuration variables must have specific settings in order for the kmemcheck
|
||||
menu to even appear in "menuconfig". These are:
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=n``
|
||||
This option is located under "General setup" / "Optimize for size".
|
||||
|
||||
Without this, gcc will use certain optimizations that usually lead to
|
||||
false positive warnings from kmemcheck. An example of this is a 16-bit
|
||||
field in a struct, where gcc may load 32 bits, then discard the upper
|
||||
16 bits. kmemcheck sees only the 32-bit load, and may trigger a
|
||||
warning for the upper 16 bits (if they're uninitialized).
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_SLAB=y`` or ``CONFIG_SLUB=y``
|
||||
This option is located under "General setup" / "Choose SLAB
|
||||
allocator".
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER=n``
|
||||
This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Tracers" / "Kernel
|
||||
Function Tracer"
|
||||
|
||||
When function tracing is compiled in, gcc emits a call to another
|
||||
function at the beginning of every function. This means that when the
|
||||
page fault handler is called, the ftrace framework will be called
|
||||
before kmemcheck has had a chance to handle the fault. If ftrace then
|
||||
modifies memory that was tracked by kmemcheck, the result is an
|
||||
endless recursive page fault.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=n``
|
||||
This option is located under "Kernel hacking" / "Memory Debugging"
|
||||
/ "Debug page memory allocations".
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, I highly recommend turning on ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y``. This is also
|
||||
located under "Kernel hacking". With this, you will be able to get line number
|
||||
information from the kmemcheck warnings, which is extremely valuable in
|
||||
debugging a problem. This option is not mandatory, however, because it slows
|
||||
down the compilation process and produces a much bigger kernel image.
|
||||
|
||||
Now the kmemcheck menu should be visible (under "Kernel hacking" / "Memory
|
||||
Debugging" / "kmemcheck: trap use of uninitialized memory"). Here follows
|
||||
a description of the kmemcheck configuration variables:
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK``
|
||||
This must be enabled in order to use kmemcheck at all...
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_``[``DISABLED`` | ``ENABLED`` | ``ONESHOT``]``_BY_DEFAULT``
|
||||
This option controls the status of kmemcheck at boot-time. "Enabled"
|
||||
will enable kmemcheck right from the start, "disabled" will boot the
|
||||
kernel as normal (but with the kmemcheck code compiled in, so it can
|
||||
be enabled at run-time after the kernel has booted), and "one-shot" is
|
||||
a special mode which will turn kmemcheck off automatically after
|
||||
detecting the first use of uninitialized memory.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using kmemcheck to actively debug a problem, then you
|
||||
probably want to choose "enabled" here.
|
||||
|
||||
The one-shot mode is mostly useful in automated test setups because it
|
||||
can prevent floods of warnings and increase the chances of the machine
|
||||
surviving in case something is really wrong. In other cases, the one-
|
||||
shot mode could actually be counter-productive because it would turn
|
||||
itself off at the very first error -- in the case of a false positive
|
||||
too -- and this would come in the way of debugging the specific
|
||||
problem you were interested in.
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to use your kernel as normal, but with a chance to
|
||||
enable kmemcheck in case of some problem, it might be a good idea to
|
||||
choose "disabled" here. When kmemcheck is disabled, most of the run-
|
||||
time overhead is not incurred, and the kernel will be almost as fast
|
||||
as normal.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_QUEUE_SIZE``
|
||||
Select the maximum number of error reports to store in an internal
|
||||
(fixed-size) buffer. Since errors can occur virtually anywhere and in
|
||||
any context, we need a temporary storage area which is guaranteed not
|
||||
to generate any other page faults when accessed. The queue will be
|
||||
emptied as soon as a tasklet may be scheduled. If the queue is full,
|
||||
new error reports will be lost.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value of 64 is probably fine. If some code produces more
|
||||
than 64 errors within an irqs-off section, then the code is likely to
|
||||
produce many, many more, too, and these additional reports seldom give
|
||||
any more information (the first report is usually the most valuable
|
||||
anyway).
|
||||
|
||||
This number might have to be adjusted if you are not using serial
|
||||
console or similar to capture the kernel log. If you are using the
|
||||
"dmesg" command to save the log, then getting a lot of kmemcheck
|
||||
warnings might overflow the kernel log itself, and the earlier reports
|
||||
will get lost in that way instead. Try setting this to 10 or so on
|
||||
such a setup.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_SHADOW_COPY_SHIFT``
|
||||
Select the number of shadow bytes to save along with each entry of the
|
||||
error-report queue. These bytes indicate what parts of an allocation
|
||||
are initialized, uninitialized, etc. and will be displayed when an
|
||||
error is detected to help the debugging of a particular problem.
|
||||
|
||||
The number entered here is actually the logarithm of the number of
|
||||
bytes that will be saved. So if you pick for example 5 here, kmemcheck
|
||||
will save 2^5 = 32 bytes.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value should be fine for debugging most problems. It also
|
||||
fits nicely within 80 columns.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_PARTIAL_OK``
|
||||
This option (when enabled) works around certain GCC optimizations that
|
||||
produce 32-bit reads from 16-bit variables where the upper 16 bits are
|
||||
thrown away afterwards.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value (enabled) is recommended. This may of course hide
|
||||
some real errors, but disabling it would probably produce a lot of
|
||||
false positives.
|
||||
|
||||
- ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_BITOPS_OK``
|
||||
This option silences warnings that would be generated for bit-field
|
||||
accesses where not all the bits are initialized at the same time. This
|
||||
may also hide some real bugs.
|
||||
|
||||
This option is probably obsolete, or it should be replaced with
|
||||
the kmemcheck-/bitfield-annotations for the code in question. The
|
||||
default value is therefore fine.
|
||||
|
||||
Now compile the kernel as usual.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How to use
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
Booting
|
||||
~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
First some information about the command-line options. There is only one
|
||||
option specific to kmemcheck, and this is called "kmemcheck". It can be used
|
||||
to override the default mode as chosen by the ``CONFIG_KMEMCHECK_*_BY_DEFAULT``
|
||||
option. Its possible settings are:
|
||||
|
||||
- ``kmemcheck=0`` (disabled)
|
||||
- ``kmemcheck=1`` (enabled)
|
||||
- ``kmemcheck=2`` (one-shot mode)
|
||||
|
||||
If SLUB debugging has been enabled in the kernel, it may take precedence over
|
||||
kmemcheck in such a way that the slab caches which are under SLUB debugging
|
||||
will not be tracked by kmemcheck. In order to ensure that this doesn't happen
|
||||
(even though it shouldn't by default), use SLUB's boot option ``slub_debug``,
|
||||
like this: ``slub_debug=-``
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, this option may also be used for fine-grained control over SLUB vs.
|
||||
kmemcheck. For example, if the command line includes
|
||||
``kmemcheck=1 slub_debug=,dentry``, then SLUB debugging will be used only
|
||||
for the "dentry" slab cache, and with kmemcheck tracking all the other
|
||||
caches. This is advanced usage, however, and is not generally recommended.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Run-time enable/disable
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
When the kernel has booted, it is possible to enable or disable kmemcheck at
|
||||
run-time. WARNING: This feature is still experimental and may cause false
|
||||
positive warnings to appear. Therefore, try not to use this. If you find that
|
||||
it doesn't work properly (e.g. you see an unreasonable amount of warnings), I
|
||||
will be happy to take bug reports.
|
||||
|
||||
Use the file ``/proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck`` for this purpose, e.g.::
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/kmemcheck # disables kmemcheck
|
||||
|
||||
The numbers are the same as for the ``kmemcheck=`` command-line option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Debugging
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
A typical report will look something like this::
|
||||
|
||||
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
|
||||
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
|
||||
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
|
||||
^
|
||||
|
||||
Pid: 1856, comm: ntpdate Not tainted 2.6.29-rc5 #264 945P-A
|
||||
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>] [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
|
||||
RSP: 0018:ffff88003cdf7d98 EFLAGS: 00210002
|
||||
RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
|
||||
RDX: ffff88003e5d6018 RSI: ffff88003e5d6024 RDI: ffff88003cdf7e84
|
||||
RBP: ffff88003cdf7db8 R08: ffff88003e5d6000 R09: 0000000000000000
|
||||
R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 000000000000000e
|
||||
R13: ffff88003cdf7e78 R14: ffff88003d530710 R15: ffff88003d5a98c8
|
||||
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880001982000(0063) knlGS:00000
|
||||
CS: 0010 DS: 002b ES: 002b CR0: 0000000080050033
|
||||
CR2: ffff88003f806ea0 CR3: 000000003c036000 CR4: 00000000000006a0
|
||||
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
|
||||
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff4ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
|
||||
[<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
|
||||
[<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
|
||||
[<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
|
||||
[<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
|
||||
[<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
|
||||
|
||||
The single most valuable information in this report is the RIP (or EIP on 32-
|
||||
bit) value. This will help us pinpoint exactly which instruction that caused
|
||||
the warning.
|
||||
|
||||
If your kernel was compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y``, then all we have to do
|
||||
is give this address to the addr2line program, like this::
|
||||
|
||||
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104ede8
|
||||
arch/x86/include/asm/string_64.h:12
|
||||
include/asm-generic/siginfo.h:287
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:380
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:410
|
||||
|
||||
The "``-e vmlinux``" tells addr2line which file to look in. **IMPORTANT:**
|
||||
This must be the vmlinux of the kernel that produced the warning in the
|
||||
first place! If not, the line number information will almost certainly be
|
||||
wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
The "``-i``" tells addr2line to also print the line numbers of inlined
|
||||
functions. In this case, the flag was very important, because otherwise,
|
||||
it would only have printed the first line, which is just a call to
|
||||
``memcpy()``, which could be called from a thousand places in the kernel, and
|
||||
is therefore not very useful. These inlined functions would not show up in
|
||||
the stack trace above, simply because the kernel doesn't load the extra
|
||||
debugging information. This technique can of course be used with ordinary
|
||||
kernel oopses as well.
|
||||
|
||||
In this case, it's the caller of ``memcpy()`` that is interesting, and it can be
|
||||
found in ``include/asm-generic/siginfo.h``, line 287::
|
||||
|
||||
281 static inline void copy_siginfo(struct siginfo *to, struct siginfo *from)
|
||||
282 {
|
||||
283 if (from->si_code < 0)
|
||||
284 memcpy(to, from, sizeof(*to));
|
||||
285 else
|
||||
286 /* _sigchld is currently the largest know union member */
|
||||
287 memcpy(to, from, __ARCH_SI_PREAMBLE_SIZE + sizeof(from->_sifields._sigchld));
|
||||
288 }
|
||||
|
||||
Since this was a read (kmemcheck usually warns about reads only, though it can
|
||||
warn about writes to unallocated or freed memory as well), it was probably the
|
||||
"from" argument which contained some uninitialized bytes. Following the chain
|
||||
of calls, we move upwards to see where "from" was allocated or initialized,
|
||||
``kernel/signal.c``, line 380::
|
||||
|
||||
359 static void collect_signal(int sig, struct sigpending *list, siginfo_t *info)
|
||||
360 {
|
||||
...
|
||||
367 list_for_each_entry(q, &list->list, list) {
|
||||
368 if (q->info.si_signo == sig) {
|
||||
369 if (first)
|
||||
370 goto still_pending;
|
||||
371 first = q;
|
||||
...
|
||||
377 if (first) {
|
||||
378 still_pending:
|
||||
379 list_del_init(&first->list);
|
||||
380 copy_siginfo(info, &first->info);
|
||||
381 __sigqueue_free(first);
|
||||
...
|
||||
392 }
|
||||
393 }
|
||||
|
||||
Here, it is ``&first->info`` that is being passed on to ``copy_siginfo()``. The
|
||||
variable ``first`` was found on a list -- passed in as the second argument to
|
||||
``collect_signal()``. We continue our journey through the stack, to figure out
|
||||
where the item on "list" was allocated or initialized. We move to line 410::
|
||||
|
||||
395 static int __dequeue_signal(struct sigpending *pending, sigset_t *mask,
|
||||
396 siginfo_t *info)
|
||||
397 {
|
||||
...
|
||||
410 collect_signal(sig, pending, info);
|
||||
...
|
||||
414 }
|
||||
|
||||
Now we need to follow the ``pending`` pointer, since that is being passed on to
|
||||
``collect_signal()`` as ``list``. At this point, we've run out of lines from the
|
||||
"addr2line" output. Not to worry, we just paste the next addresses from the
|
||||
kmemcheck stack dump, i.e.::
|
||||
|
||||
[<ffffffff8104f04e>] dequeue_signal+0x8e/0x170
|
||||
[<ffffffff81050bd8>] get_signal_to_deliver+0x98/0x390
|
||||
[<ffffffff8100b87d>] do_notify_resume+0xad/0x7d0
|
||||
[<ffffffff8100c7b5>] int_signal+0x12/0x17
|
||||
|
||||
$ addr2line -e vmlinux -i ffffffff8104f04e ffffffff81050bd8 \
|
||||
ffffffff8100b87d ffffffff8100c7b5
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:446
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:1806
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that since these addresses were found on the stack and not as the
|
||||
RIP value, they actually point to the _next_ instruction (they are return
|
||||
addresses). This becomes obvious when we look at the code for line 446::
|
||||
|
||||
422 int dequeue_signal(struct task_struct *tsk, sigset_t *mask, siginfo_t *info)
|
||||
423 {
|
||||
...
|
||||
431 signr = __dequeue_signal(&tsk->signal->shared_pending,
|
||||
432 mask, info);
|
||||
433 /*
|
||||
434 * itimer signal ?
|
||||
435 *
|
||||
436 * itimers are process shared and we restart periodic
|
||||
437 * itimers in the signal delivery path to prevent DoS
|
||||
438 * attacks in the high resolution timer case. This is
|
||||
439 * compliant with the old way of self restarting
|
||||
440 * itimers, as the SIGALRM is a legacy signal and only
|
||||
441 * queued once. Changing the restart behaviour to
|
||||
442 * restart the timer in the signal dequeue path is
|
||||
443 * reducing the timer noise on heavy loaded !highres
|
||||
444 * systems too.
|
||||
445 */
|
||||
446 if (unlikely(signr == SIGALRM)) {
|
||||
...
|
||||
489 }
|
||||
|
||||
So instead of looking at 446, we should be looking at 431, which is the line
|
||||
that executes just before 446. Here we see that what we are looking for is
|
||||
``&tsk->signal->shared_pending``.
|
||||
|
||||
Our next task is now to figure out which function that puts items on this
|
||||
``shared_pending`` list. A crude, but efficient tool, is ``git grep``::
|
||||
|
||||
$ git grep -n 'shared_pending' kernel/
|
||||
...
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:828: pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
|
||||
kernel/signal.c:1339: pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
There were more results, but none of them were related to list operations,
|
||||
and these were the only assignments. We inspect the line numbers more closely
|
||||
and find that this is indeed where items are being added to the list::
|
||||
|
||||
816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
|
||||
817 int group)
|
||||
818 {
|
||||
...
|
||||
828 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
|
||||
...
|
||||
851 q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
|
||||
852 (is_si_special(info) ||
|
||||
853 info->si_code >= 0)));
|
||||
854 if (q) {
|
||||
855 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
|
||||
...
|
||||
890 }
|
||||
|
||||
and::
|
||||
|
||||
1309 int send_sigqueue(struct sigqueue *q, struct task_struct *t, int group)
|
||||
1310 {
|
||||
....
|
||||
1339 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
|
||||
1340 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
|
||||
....
|
||||
1347 }
|
||||
|
||||
In the first case, the list element we are looking for, ``q``, is being
|
||||
returned from the function ``__sigqueue_alloc()``, which looks like an
|
||||
allocation function. Let's take a look at it::
|
||||
|
||||
187 static struct sigqueue *__sigqueue_alloc(struct task_struct *t, gfp_t flags,
|
||||
188 int override_rlimit)
|
||||
189 {
|
||||
190 struct sigqueue *q = NULL;
|
||||
191 struct user_struct *user;
|
||||
192
|
||||
193 /*
|
||||
194 * We won't get problems with the target's UID changing under us
|
||||
195 * because changing it requires RCU be used, and if t != current, the
|
||||
196 * caller must be holding the RCU readlock (by way of a spinlock) and
|
||||
197 * we use RCU protection here
|
||||
198 */
|
||||
199 user = get_uid(__task_cred(t)->user);
|
||||
200 atomic_inc(&user->sigpending);
|
||||
201 if (override_rlimit ||
|
||||
202 atomic_read(&user->sigpending) <=
|
||||
203 t->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING].rlim_cur)
|
||||
204 q = kmem_cache_alloc(sigqueue_cachep, flags);
|
||||
205 if (unlikely(q == NULL)) {
|
||||
206 atomic_dec(&user->sigpending);
|
||||
207 free_uid(user);
|
||||
208 } else {
|
||||
209 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->list);
|
||||
210 q->flags = 0;
|
||||
211 q->user = user;
|
||||
212 }
|
||||
213
|
||||
214 return q;
|
||||
215 }
|
||||
|
||||
We see that this function initializes ``q->list``, ``q->flags``, and
|
||||
``q->user``. It seems that now is the time to look at the definition of
|
||||
``struct sigqueue``, e.g.::
|
||||
|
||||
14 struct sigqueue {
|
||||
15 struct list_head list;
|
||||
16 int flags;
|
||||
17 siginfo_t info;
|
||||
18 struct user_struct *user;
|
||||
19 };
|
||||
|
||||
And, you might remember, it was a ``memcpy()`` on ``&first->info`` that
|
||||
caused the warning, so this makes perfect sense. It also seems reasonable
|
||||
to assume that it is the caller of ``__sigqueue_alloc()`` that has the
|
||||
responsibility of filling out (initializing) this member.
|
||||
|
||||
But just which fields of the struct were uninitialized? Let's look at
|
||||
kmemcheck's report again::
|
||||
|
||||
WARNING: kmemcheck: Caught 32-bit read from uninitialized memory (ffff88003e4a2024)
|
||||
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
|
||||
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
|
||||
^
|
||||
|
||||
These first two lines are the memory dump of the memory object itself, and
|
||||
the shadow bytemap, respectively. The memory object itself is in this case
|
||||
``&first->info``. Just beware that the start of this dump is NOT the start
|
||||
of the object itself! The position of the caret (^) corresponds with the
|
||||
address of the read (ffff88003e4a2024).
|
||||
|
||||
The shadow bytemap dump legend is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
- i: initialized
|
||||
- u: uninitialized
|
||||
- a: unallocated (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has not
|
||||
yet been handed off to anybody)
|
||||
- f: freed (memory has been allocated by the slab layer, but has been freed
|
||||
by the previous owner)
|
||||
|
||||
In order to figure out where (relative to the start of the object) the
|
||||
uninitialized memory was located, we have to look at the disassembly. For
|
||||
that, we'll need the RIP address again::
|
||||
|
||||
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8104ede8>] [<ffffffff8104ede8>] __dequeue_signal+0xc8/0x190
|
||||
|
||||
$ objdump -d --no-show-raw-insn vmlinux | grep -C 8 ffffffff8104ede8:
|
||||
ffffffff8104edc8: mov %r8,0x8(%r8)
|
||||
ffffffff8104edcc: test %r10d,%r10d
|
||||
ffffffff8104edcf: js ffffffff8104ee88 <__dequeue_signal+0x168>
|
||||
ffffffff8104edd5: mov %rax,%rdx
|
||||
ffffffff8104edd8: mov $0xc,%ecx
|
||||
ffffffff8104eddd: mov %r13,%rdi
|
||||
ffffffff8104ede0: mov $0x30,%eax
|
||||
ffffffff8104ede5: mov %rdx,%rsi
|
||||
ffffffff8104ede8: rep movsl %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
|
||||
ffffffff8104edea: test $0x2,%al
|
||||
ffffffff8104edec: je ffffffff8104edf0 <__dequeue_signal+0xd0>
|
||||
ffffffff8104edee: movsw %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
|
||||
ffffffff8104edf0: test $0x1,%al
|
||||
ffffffff8104edf2: je ffffffff8104edf5 <__dequeue_signal+0xd5>
|
||||
ffffffff8104edf4: movsb %ds:(%rsi),%es:(%rdi)
|
||||
ffffffff8104edf5: mov %r8,%rdi
|
||||
ffffffff8104edf8: callq ffffffff8104de60 <__sigqueue_free>
|
||||
|
||||
As expected, it's the "``rep movsl``" instruction from the ``memcpy()``
|
||||
that causes the warning. We know about ``REP MOVSL`` that it uses the register
|
||||
``RCX`` to count the number of remaining iterations. By taking a look at the
|
||||
register dump again (from the kmemcheck report), we can figure out how many
|
||||
bytes were left to copy::
|
||||
|
||||
RAX: 0000000000000030 RBX: ffff88003d4ea968 RCX: 0000000000000009
|
||||
|
||||
By looking at the disassembly, we also see that ``%ecx`` is being loaded
|
||||
with the value ``$0xc`` just before (ffffffff8104edd8), so we are very
|
||||
lucky. Keep in mind that this is the number of iterations, not bytes. And
|
||||
since this is a "long" operation, we need to multiply by 4 to get the
|
||||
number of bytes. So this means that the uninitialized value was encountered
|
||||
at 4 * (0xc - 0x9) = 12 bytes from the start of the object.
|
||||
|
||||
We can now try to figure out which field of the "``struct siginfo``" that
|
||||
was not initialized. This is the beginning of the struct::
|
||||
|
||||
40 typedef struct siginfo {
|
||||
41 int si_signo;
|
||||
42 int si_errno;
|
||||
43 int si_code;
|
||||
44
|
||||
45 union {
|
||||
..
|
||||
92 } _sifields;
|
||||
93 } siginfo_t;
|
||||
|
||||
On 64-bit, the int is 4 bytes long, so it must the union member that has
|
||||
not been initialized. We can verify this using gdb::
|
||||
|
||||
$ gdb vmlinux
|
||||
...
|
||||
(gdb) p &((struct siginfo *) 0)->_sifields
|
||||
$1 = (union {...} *) 0x10
|
||||
|
||||
Actually, it seems that the union member is located at offset 0x10 -- which
|
||||
means that gcc has inserted 4 bytes of padding between the members ``si_code``
|
||||
and ``_sifields``. We can now get a fuller picture of the memory dump::
|
||||
|
||||
_----------------------------=> si_code
|
||||
/ _--------------------=> (padding)
|
||||
| / _------------=> _sifields(._kill._pid)
|
||||
| | / _----=> _sifields(._kill._uid)
|
||||
| | | /
|
||||
-------|-------|-------|-------|
|
||||
80000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ffff0000000000000000
|
||||
i i i i u u u u i i i i i i i i u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u
|
||||
|
||||
This allows us to realize another important fact: ``si_code`` contains the
|
||||
value 0x80. Remember that x86 is little endian, so the first 4 bytes
|
||||
"80000000" are really the number 0x00000080. With a bit of research, we
|
||||
find that this is actually the constant ``SI_KERNEL`` defined in
|
||||
``include/asm-generic/siginfo.h``::
|
||||
|
||||
144 #define SI_KERNEL 0x80 /* sent by the kernel from somewhere */
|
||||
|
||||
This macro is used in exactly one place in the x86 kernel: In ``send_signal()``
|
||||
in ``kernel/signal.c``::
|
||||
|
||||
816 static int send_signal(int sig, struct siginfo *info, struct task_struct *t,
|
||||
817 int group)
|
||||
818 {
|
||||
...
|
||||
828 pending = group ? &t->signal->shared_pending : &t->pending;
|
||||
...
|
||||
851 q = __sigqueue_alloc(t, GFP_ATOMIC, (sig < SIGRTMIN &&
|
||||
852 (is_si_special(info) ||
|
||||
853 info->si_code >= 0)));
|
||||
854 if (q) {
|
||||
855 list_add_tail(&q->list, &pending->list);
|
||||
856 switch ((unsigned long) info) {
|
||||
...
|
||||
865 case (unsigned long) SEND_SIG_PRIV:
|
||||
866 q->info.si_signo = sig;
|
||||
867 q->info.si_errno = 0;
|
||||
868 q->info.si_code = SI_KERNEL;
|
||||
869 q->info.si_pid = 0;
|
||||
870 q->info.si_uid = 0;
|
||||
871 break;
|
||||
...
|
||||
890 }
|
||||
|
||||
Not only does this match with the ``.si_code`` member, it also matches the place
|
||||
we found earlier when looking for where siginfo_t objects are enqueued on the
|
||||
``shared_pending`` list.
|
||||
|
||||
So to sum up: It seems that it is the padding introduced by the compiler
|
||||
between two struct fields that is uninitialized, and this gets reported when
|
||||
we do a ``memcpy()`` on the struct. This means that we have identified a false
|
||||
positive warning.
|
||||
|
||||
Normally, kmemcheck will not report uninitialized accesses in ``memcpy()`` calls
|
||||
when both the source and destination addresses are tracked. (Instead, we copy
|
||||
the shadow bytemap as well). In this case, the destination address clearly
|
||||
was not tracked. We can dig a little deeper into the stack trace from above::
|
||||
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:871
|
||||
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:694
|
||||
|
||||
And we clearly see that the destination siginfo object is located on the
|
||||
stack::
|
||||
|
||||
782 static void do_signal(struct pt_regs *regs)
|
||||
783 {
|
||||
784 struct k_sigaction ka;
|
||||
785 siginfo_t info;
|
||||
...
|
||||
804 signr = get_signal_to_deliver(&info, &ka, regs, NULL);
|
||||
...
|
||||
854 }
|
||||
|
||||
And this ``&info`` is what eventually gets passed to ``copy_siginfo()`` as the
|
||||
destination argument.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, even though we didn't find an actual error here, the example is still a
|
||||
good one, because it shows how one would go about to find out what the report
|
||||
was all about.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Annotating false positives
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
There are a few different ways to make annotations in the source code that
|
||||
will keep kmemcheck from checking and reporting certain allocations. Here
|
||||
they are:
|
||||
|
||||
- ``__GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE``
|
||||
This flag can be passed to ``kmalloc()`` or ``kmem_cache_alloc()``
|
||||
(therefore also to other functions that end up calling one of
|
||||
these) to indicate that the allocation should not be tracked
|
||||
because it would lead to a false positive report. This is a "big
|
||||
hammer" way of silencing kmemcheck; after all, even if the false
|
||||
positive pertains to particular field in a struct, for example, we
|
||||
will now lose the ability to find (real) errors in other parts of
|
||||
the same struct.
|
||||
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
/* No warnings will ever trigger on accessing any part of x */
|
||||
x = kmalloc(sizeof *x, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE);
|
||||
|
||||
- ``kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(name)``/``kmemcheck_bitfield_end(name)`` and
|
||||
``kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(ptr, name)``
|
||||
The first two of these three macros can be used inside struct
|
||||
definitions to signal, respectively, the beginning and end of a
|
||||
bitfield. Additionally, this will assign the bitfield a name, which
|
||||
is given as an argument to the macros.
|
||||
|
||||
Having used these markers, one can later use
|
||||
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield() at the point of allocation, to indicate
|
||||
which parts of the allocation is part of a bitfield.
|
||||
|
||||
Example::
|
||||
|
||||
struct foo {
|
||||
int x;
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags);
|
||||
int flag_a:1;
|
||||
int flag_b:1;
|
||||
kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags);
|
||||
|
||||
int y;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
struct foo *x = kmalloc(sizeof *x);
|
||||
|
||||
/* No warnings will trigger on accessing the bitfield of x */
|
||||
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(x, flags);
|
||||
|
||||
Note that ``kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield()`` can be used even before the
|
||||
return value of ``kmalloc()`` is checked -- in other words, passing NULL
|
||||
as the first argument is legal (and will do nothing).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reporting errors
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
As we have seen, kmemcheck will produce false positive reports. Therefore, it
|
||||
is not very wise to blindly post kmemcheck warnings to mailing lists and
|
||||
maintainers. Instead, I encourage maintainers and developers to find errors
|
||||
in their own code. If you get a warning, you can try to work around it, try
|
||||
to figure out if it's a real error or not, or simply ignore it. Most
|
||||
developers know their own code and will quickly and efficiently determine the
|
||||
root cause of a kmemcheck report. This is therefore also the most efficient
|
||||
way to work with kmemcheck.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, we (the kmemcheck maintainers) will always be on the lookout for
|
||||
false positives that we can annotate and silence. So whatever you find,
|
||||
please drop us a note privately! Kernel configs and steps to reproduce (if
|
||||
available) are of course a great help too.
|
||||
|
||||
Happy hacking!
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Technical description
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck works by marking memory pages non-present. This means that whenever
|
||||
somebody attempts to access the page, a page fault is generated. The page
|
||||
fault handler notices that the page was in fact only hidden, and so it calls
|
||||
on the kmemcheck code to make further investigations.
|
||||
|
||||
When the investigations are completed, kmemcheck "shows" the page by marking
|
||||
it present (as it would be under normal circumstances). This way, the
|
||||
interrupted code can continue as usual.
|
||||
|
||||
But after the instruction has been executed, we should hide the page again, so
|
||||
that we can catch the next access too! Now kmemcheck makes use of a debugging
|
||||
feature of the processor, namely single-stepping. When the processor has
|
||||
finished the one instruction that generated the memory access, a debug
|
||||
exception is raised. From here, we simply hide the page again and continue
|
||||
execution, this time with the single-stepping feature turned off.
|
||||
|
||||
kmemcheck requires some assistance from the memory allocator in order to work.
|
||||
The memory allocator needs to
|
||||
|
||||
1. Tell kmemcheck about newly allocated pages and pages that are about to
|
||||
be freed. This allows kmemcheck to set up and tear down the shadow memory
|
||||
for the pages in question. The shadow memory stores the status of each
|
||||
byte in the allocation proper, e.g. whether it is initialized or
|
||||
uninitialized.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Tell kmemcheck which parts of memory should be marked uninitialized.
|
||||
There are actually a few more states, such as "not yet allocated" and
|
||||
"recently freed".
|
||||
|
||||
If a slab cache is set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, it will never return
|
||||
memory that can take page faults because of kmemcheck.
|
||||
|
||||
If a slab cache is NOT set up using the SLAB_NOTRACK flag, callers can still
|
||||
request memory with the __GFP_NOTRACK or __GFP_NOTRACK_FALSE_POSITIVE flags.
|
||||
This does not prevent the page faults from occurring, however, but marks the
|
||||
object in question as being initialized so that no warnings will ever be
|
||||
produced for this object.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, the SLAB and SLUB allocators are supported by kmemcheck.
|
||||
@ -31,6 +31,17 @@ To build and run the tests with a single command, use::
|
||||
|
||||
Note that some tests will require root privileges.
|
||||
|
||||
Build and run from user specific object directory (make O=dir)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ make O=/tmp/kselftest kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
Build and run KBUILD_OUTPUT directory (make KBUILD_OUTPUT=)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ make KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/kselftest kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
The above commands run the tests and print pass/fail summary to make it
|
||||
easier to understand the test results. Please find the detailed individual
|
||||
test results for each test in /tmp/testname file(s).
|
||||
|
||||
Running a subset of selftests
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
@ -46,10 +57,21 @@ You can specify multiple tests to build and run::
|
||||
|
||||
$ make TARGETS="size timers" kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
Build and run from user specific object directory (make O=dir)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ make O=/tmp/kselftest TARGETS="size timers" kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
Build and run KBUILD_OUTPUT directory (make KBUILD_OUTPUT=)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ make KBUILD_OUTPUT=/tmp/kselftest TARGETS="size timers" kselftest
|
||||
|
||||
The above commands run the tests and print pass/fail summary to make it
|
||||
easier to understand the test results. Please find the detailed individual
|
||||
test results for each test in /tmp/testname file(s).
|
||||
|
||||
See the top-level tools/testing/selftests/Makefile for the list of all
|
||||
possible targets.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Running the full range hotplug selftests
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -113,9 +135,17 @@ Contributing new tests (details)
|
||||
* Use TEST_GEN_XXX if such binaries or files are generated during
|
||||
compiling.
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_PROGS, TEST_GEN_PROGS mean it is the excutable tested by
|
||||
TEST_PROGS, TEST_GEN_PROGS mean it is the executable tested by
|
||||
default.
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS should be used by tests that require custom build
|
||||
rule and prevent common build rule use.
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_PROGS are for test shell scripts. Please ensure shell script has
|
||||
its exec bit set. Otherwise, lib.mk run_tests will generate a warning.
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_CUSTOM_PROGS and TEST_PROGS will be run by common run_tests.
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_PROGS_EXTENDED, TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED mean it is the
|
||||
executable which is not tested by default.
|
||||
TEST_FILES, TEST_GEN_FILES mean it is the file which is used by
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Boards:
|
||||
|
||||
Root node property compatible must contain, depending on board:
|
||||
|
||||
- Cubietech CubieBoard6: "cubietech,cubieboard6"
|
||||
- LeMaker Guitar Base Board rev. B: "lemaker,guitar-bb-rev-b", "lemaker,guitar"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ Boards with the Amlogic Meson GXM S912 SoC shall have the following properties:
|
||||
Required root node property:
|
||||
compatible: "amlogic,s912", "amlogic,meson-gxm";
|
||||
|
||||
Boards with the Amlogic Meson AXG A113D SoC shall have the following properties:
|
||||
Required root node property:
|
||||
compatible: "amlogic,a113d", "amlogic,meson-axg";
|
||||
|
||||
Board compatible values (alphabetically, grouped by SoC):
|
||||
|
||||
- "geniatech,atv1200" (Meson6)
|
||||
@ -71,8 +75,12 @@ Board compatible values (alphabetically, grouped by SoC):
|
||||
|
||||
- "amlogic,q200" (Meson gxm s912)
|
||||
- "amlogic,q201" (Meson gxm s912)
|
||||
- "khadas,vim2" (Meson gxm s912)
|
||||
- "kingnovel,r-box-pro" (Meson gxm S912)
|
||||
- "nexbox,a1" (Meson gxm s912)
|
||||
- "tronsmart,vega-s96" (Meson gxm s912)
|
||||
|
||||
- "amlogic,s400" (Meson axg a113d)
|
||||
|
||||
Amlogic Meson Firmware registers Interface
|
||||
------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
20
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/analog-top.txt
Normal file
20
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/analog-top.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
|
||||
Amlogic Meson8 and Meson8b "analog top" registers:
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The analog top registers contain information about the so-called
|
||||
"metal revision" (which encodes the "minor version") of the SoC.
|
||||
|
||||
Required properties:
|
||||
- reg: the register range of the analog top registers
|
||||
- compatible: depending on the SoC this should be one of:
|
||||
- "amlogic,meson8-analog-top"
|
||||
- "amlogic,meson8b-analog-top"
|
||||
along with "syscon"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
analog_top: analog-top@81a8 {
|
||||
compatible = "amlogic,meson8-analog-top", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0x81a8 0x14>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
17
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/assist.txt
Normal file
17
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/assist.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
Amlogic Meson6/Meson8/Meson8b assist registers:
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The assist registers contain basic information about the SoC,
|
||||
for example the encoded SoC part number.
|
||||
|
||||
Required properties:
|
||||
- reg: the register range of the assist registers
|
||||
- compatible: should be "amlogic,meson-mx-assist" along with "syscon"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
assist: assist@7c00 {
|
||||
compatible = "amlogic,meson-mx-assist", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0x7c00 0x200>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
17
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/bootrom.txt
Normal file
17
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/bootrom.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
||||
Amlogic Meson6/Meson8/Meson8b bootrom:
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The bootrom register area can be used to access SoC specific
|
||||
information, such as the "misc version".
|
||||
|
||||
Required properties:
|
||||
- reg: the register range of the bootrom registers
|
||||
- compatible: should be "amlogic,meson-mx-bootrom" along with "syscon"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
bootrom: bootrom@d9040000 {
|
||||
compatible = "amlogic,meson-mx-bootrom", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0xd9040000 0x10000>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
18
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/pmu.txt
Normal file
18
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/pmu.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
||||
Amlogic Meson8 and Meson8b power-management-unit:
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The pmu is used to turn off and on different power domains of the SoCs
|
||||
This includes the power to the CPU cores.
|
||||
|
||||
Required node properties:
|
||||
- compatible value : depending on the SoC this should be one of:
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8-pmu"
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8b-pmu"
|
||||
- reg : physical base address and the size of the registers window
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
pmu@c81000e4 {
|
||||
compatible = "amlogic,meson8b-pmu", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0xc81000e0 0x18>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
32
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/smp-sram.txt
Normal file
32
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/amlogic/smp-sram.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
||||
Amlogic Meson8 and Meson8b SRAM for smp bringup:
|
||||
------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Amlogic's SMP-capable SoCs use part of the sram for the bringup of the cores.
|
||||
Once the core gets powered up it executes the code that is residing at a
|
||||
specific location.
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore a reserved section sub-node has to be added to the mmio-sram
|
||||
declaration.
|
||||
|
||||
Required sub-node properties:
|
||||
- compatible : depending on the SoC this should be one of:
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8-smp-sram"
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8b-smp-sram"
|
||||
|
||||
The rest of the properties should follow the generic mmio-sram discription
|
||||
found in ../../misc/sram.txt
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
sram: sram@d9000000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mmio-sram";
|
||||
reg = <0xd9000000 0x20000>;
|
||||
#address-cells = <1>;
|
||||
#size-cells = <1>;
|
||||
ranges = <0 0xd9000000 0x20000>;
|
||||
|
||||
smp-sram@1ff80 {
|
||||
compatible = "amlogic,meson8b-smp-sram";
|
||||
reg = <0x1ff80 0x8>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ Control registers for this memory controller's DDR PHY.
|
||||
|
||||
Required properties:
|
||||
- compatible : should contain one of these
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-ddr-phy-v71.1"
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-ddr-phy-v72.0"
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-ddr-phy-v225.1"
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-ddr-phy-v240.1"
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-ddr-phy-v240.2"
|
||||
@ -184,7 +186,9 @@ Sequencer DRAM parameters and control registers. Used for Self-Refresh
|
||||
Power-Down (SRPD), among other things.
|
||||
|
||||
Required properties:
|
||||
- compatible : should contain "brcm,brcmstb-memc-ddr"
|
||||
- compatible : should contain one of these
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-memc-ddr-rev-b.2.2"
|
||||
"brcm,brcmstb-memc-ddr"
|
||||
- reg : the MEMC DDR register range
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
14
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/bcm/brcm,hr2.txt
Normal file
14
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/bcm/brcm,hr2.txt
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
|
||||
Broadcom Hurricane 2 device tree bindings
|
||||
---------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Broadcom Hurricane 2 family of SoCs are used for switching control. These SoCs
|
||||
are based on Broadcom's iProc SoC architecture and feature a single core Cortex
|
||||
A9 ARM CPUs, DDR2/DDR3 memory, PCIe GEN-2, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0, serial and NAND
|
||||
flash and a PCIe attached integrated switching engine.
|
||||
|
||||
Boards with Hurricane SoCs shall have the following properties:
|
||||
|
||||
Required root node property:
|
||||
|
||||
BCM53342
|
||||
compatible = "brcm,bcm53342", "brcm,hr2";
|
||||
@ -197,6 +197,8 @@ described below.
|
||||
"actions,s500-smp"
|
||||
"allwinner,sun6i-a31"
|
||||
"allwinner,sun8i-a23"
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8-smp"
|
||||
"amlogic,meson8b-smp"
|
||||
"arm,realview-smp"
|
||||
"brcm,bcm11351-cpu-method"
|
||||
"brcm,bcm23550"
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-apmixedsys"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-apmixedsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-apmixedsys"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-apmixedsys"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8135-apmixedsys"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-apmixedsys"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
MediaTek AUDSYS controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The MediaTek AUDSYS controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-audsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The AUDSYS controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
audsys: audsys@11220000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt7622-audsys", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x11220000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-bdpsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-bdpsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The bdpsys controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-ethsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-ethsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The ethsys controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-hifsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-hifsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The hifsys controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-imgsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-imgsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-imgsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-imgsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8135-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-infracfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
Mediatek jpgdecsys controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The Mediatek jpgdecsys controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-jpgdecsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The jpgdecsys controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
jpgdecsys: syscon@19000000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt2712-jpgdecsys", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x19000000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
Mediatek mcucfg controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The Mediatek mcucfg controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-mcucfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The mcucfg controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
mcucfg: syscon@10220000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt2712-mcucfg", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x10220000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
Mediatek mfgcfg controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The Mediatek mfgcfg controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-mfgcfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The mfgcfg controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
mfgcfg: syscon@13000000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt2712-mfgcfg", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x13000000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-mmsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-mmsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-mmsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-mmsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
MediaTek PCIESYS controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The MediaTek PCIESYS controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-pciesys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The PCIESYS controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
pciesys: pciesys@1a100800 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt7622-pciesys", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x1a100800 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-pericfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-pericfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-pericfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8135-pericfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-pericfg", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
MediaTek SGMIISYS controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The MediaTek SGMIISYS controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-sgmiisys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The SGMIISYS controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
sgmiisys: sgmiisys@1b128000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt7622-sgmiisys", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x1b128000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
MediaTek SSUSBSYS controller
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
The MediaTek SSUSBSYS controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-ssusbsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
The SSUSBSYS controller uses the common clk binding from
|
||||
Documentation/devicetree/bindings/clock/clock-bindings.txt
|
||||
The available clocks are defined in dt-bindings/clock/mt*-clk.h.
|
||||
|
||||
Example:
|
||||
|
||||
ssusbsys: ssusbsys@1a000000 {
|
||||
compatible = "mediatek,mt7622-ssusbsys", "syscon";
|
||||
reg = <0 0x1a000000 0 0x1000>;
|
||||
#clock-cells = <1>;
|
||||
};
|
||||
@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-topckgen"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-topckgen", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-topckgen"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt7622-topckgen"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8135-topckgen"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-topckgen"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2701-vdecsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-vdecsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-vdecsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-vdecsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ The Mediatek vencsys controller provides various clocks to the system.
|
||||
Required Properties:
|
||||
|
||||
- compatible: Should be one of:
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt2712-vencsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt6797-vencsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- "mediatek,mt8173-vencsys", "syscon"
|
||||
- #clock-cells: Must be 1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Required properties:
|
||||
"ti,omap3-scm"
|
||||
"ti,omap4-scm-core"
|
||||
"ti,omap4-scm-padconf-core"
|
||||
"ti,omap4-scm-wkup"
|
||||
"ti,omap4-scm-padconf-wkup"
|
||||
"ti,omap5-scm-core"
|
||||
"ti,omap5-scm-padconf-core"
|
||||
"ti,dra7-scm-core"
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Required root node properties:
|
||||
|
||||
Root node property compatible must contain, depending on board:
|
||||
|
||||
- MeLE V9: "mele,v9"
|
||||
- ProBox2 AVA: "probox2,ava"
|
||||
- Zidoo X9S: "zidoo,x9s"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
|
||||
Rockchip platforms device tree bindings
|
||||
---------------------------------------
|
||||
- Amarula Vyasa RK3288 board
|
||||
Required root node properties:
|
||||
- compatible = "amarula,vyasa-rk3288", "rockchip,rk3288";
|
||||
|
||||
- Asus Tinker board
|
||||
Required root node properties:
|
||||
- compatible = "asus,rk3288-tinker", "rockchip,rk3288";
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ Properties:
|
||||
- compatible : should contain two values. First value must be one from following list:
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos3250-pmu" - for Exynos3250 SoC,
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos4210-pmu" - for Exynos4210 SoC,
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos4212-pmu" - for Exynos4212 SoC,
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos4412-pmu" - for Exynos4412 SoC,
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos5250-pmu" - for Exynos5250 SoC,
|
||||
- "samsung,exynos5260-pmu" - for Exynos5260 SoC.
|
||||
@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ pmu_system_controller: system-controller@10040000 {
|
||||
|
||||
Example of clock consumer :
|
||||
|
||||
usb3503: usb3503@08 {
|
||||
usb3503: usb3503@8 {
|
||||
/* ... */
|
||||
clock-names = "refclk";
|
||||
clocks = <&pmu_system_controller 0>;
|
||||
|
||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Reference in New Issue
Block a user