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Merge branch 'topic/error' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regulator into regulator-fixed

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This commit is contained in:
Mark Brown
2016-11-04 12:16:38 -06:00
parent 13bed58ce8 1b5b422164
commit cc9b94029e
17972 changed files with 1243253 additions and 621219 deletions
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3
.cocciconfig Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
[spatch]
options = --timeout 200
options = --use-gitgrep

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.gitattributes vendored Normal file
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*.c diff=cpp
*.h diff=cpp

2
.gitignore vendored
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@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ modules.builtin
Module.symvers
*.dwo
*.su
*.c.[012]*.*
#
# Top-level generic files
@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ Module.symvers
#
!.gitignore
!.mailmap
!.cocciconfig
#
# Generated include files

28
.mailmap
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@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Aaron Durbin <adurbin@google.com>
Adam Oldham <oldhamca@gmail.com>
Adam Radford <aradford@gmail.com>
Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Adriana Reus <adi.reus@gmail.com> <adriana.reus@intel.com>
Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Alan Cox <root@hraefn.swansea.linux.org.uk>
Aleksey Gorelov <aleksey_gorelov@phoenix.com>
@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Andrew Vasquez <andrew.vasquez@qlogic.com>
Andy Adamson <andros@citi.umich.edu>
Antoine Tenart <antoine.tenart@free-electrons.com>
Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it> <ao2@amarulasolutions.com>
Archit Taneja <archit@ti.com>
Arnaud Patard <arnaud.patard@rtp-net.org>
@ -30,6 +32,9 @@ Axel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com>
Ben M Cahill <ben.m.cahill@intel.com>
Björn Steinbrink <B.Steinbrink@gmx.de>
Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com>
Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com> <b.brezillon.dev@gmail.com>
Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@free-electrons.com> <b.brezillon@overkiz.com>
Brian Avery <b.avery@hp.com>
Brian King <brking@us.ibm.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
@ -64,11 +69,14 @@ James Bottomley <jejb@mulgrave.(none)>
James Bottomley <jejb@titanic.il.steeleye.com>
James E Wilson <wilson@specifix.com>
James Ketrenos <jketreno@io.(none)>
Javi Merino <javi.merino@kernel.org> <javi.merino@arm.com>
<javier@osg.samsung.com> <javier.martinez@collabora.co.uk>
Jean Tourrilhes <jt@hpl.hp.com>
Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pretzel.yyz.us>
Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
Jens Osterkamp <Jens.Osterkamp@de.ibm.com>
Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> <jhovold@gmail.com>
Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> <johan@hovoldconsulting.com>
John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
<josh@joshtriplett.org> <josh@freedesktop.org>
@ -83,12 +91,24 @@ Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Kenneth W Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com>
Koushik <raghavendra.koushik@neterion.com>
Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> <k.kozlowski.k@gmail.com>
Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Leonid I Ananiev <leonid.i.ananiev@intel.com>
Linas Vepstas <linas@austin.ibm.com>
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@web.de>
Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@c0d3.blue> <linus.luessing@ascom.ch>
Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk>
Matthieu CASTET <castet.matthieu@free.fr>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@brturbo.com.br>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <maurochehab@gmail.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@infradead.org>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@redhat.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <m.chehab@samsung.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@osg.samsung.com>
Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> Matthew Ranostay <mranostay@embeddedalley.com>
Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com> <matt.ranostay@intel.com>
Mayuresh Janorkar <mayur@ti.com>
Michael Buesch <m@bues.ch>
Michel Dänzer <michel@tungstengraphics.com>
@ -107,6 +127,7 @@ Peter Oruba <peter@oruba.de>
Peter Oruba <peter.oruba@amd.com>
Pratyush Anand <pratyush.anand@gmail.com> <pratyush.anand@st.com>
Praveen BP <praveenbp@ti.com>
Qais Yousef <qsyousef@gmail.com> <qais.yousef@imgtec.com>
Rajesh Shah <rajesh.shah@intel.com>
Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Ralf Wildenhues <Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de>
@ -122,6 +143,10 @@ Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.org>
Sascha Hauer <s.hauer@pengutronix.de>
S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Shiraz Hashim <shiraz.linux.kernel@gmail.com> <shiraz.hashim@st.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuahkhan@gmail.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuah.khan@hp.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> <shuah.kh@samsung.com>
Simon Kelley <simon@thekelleys.org.uk>
Stéphane Witzmann <stephane.witzmann@ubpmes.univ-bpclermont.fr>
Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
@ -138,6 +163,9 @@ Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.kumar@st.com>
Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.linux@gmail.com>
Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org> <viresh.kumar2@arm.com>
Vlad Dogaru <ddvlad@gmail.com> <vlad.dogaru@intel.com>
Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Takashi YOSHII <takashi.yoshii.zj@renesas.com>
Yusuke Goda <goda.yusuke@renesas.com>
Gustavo Padovan <gustavo@las.ic.unicamp.br>

28
CREDITS
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@ -649,6 +649,7 @@ D: Configure, Menuconfig, xconfig
N: Mauro Carvalho Chehab
E: m.chehab@samsung.org
E: mchehab@osg.samsung.com
E: mchehab@infradead.org
D: Media subsystem (V4L/DVB) drivers and core
D: EDAC drivers and EDAC 3.0 core rework
@ -1089,6 +1090,10 @@ S: 6350 Stoneridge Mall Road
S: Pleasanton, CA 94588
S: USA
N: Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov
E: dbaryshkov@gmail.com
D: Power Supply Maintainer from v3.14 - v3.15
N: Doug Evans
E: dje@cygnus.com
D: Wrote Xenix FS (part of standard kernel since 0.99.15)
@ -1943,6 +1948,11 @@ E: kraxel@bytesex.org
E: kraxel@suse.de
D: video4linux, bttv, vesafb, some scsi, misc fixes
N: Hans J. Koch
D: USERSPACE I/O, MAX6650
D: Hans passed away in June 2016, and will be greatly missed.
W: https://lwn.net/Articles/691000/
N: Harald Koenig
E: koenig@tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de
D: XFree86 (S3), DCF77, some kernel hacks and fixes
@ -2286,11 +2296,11 @@ D: Initial implementation of VC's, pty's and select()
N: Pavel Machek
E: pavel@ucw.cz
D: Softcursor for vga, hypertech cdrom support, vcsa bugfix, nbd
P: 4096R/92DFCE96 4FA7 9EEF FCD4 C44F C585 B8C7 C060 2241 92DF CE96
D: Softcursor for vga, hypertech cdrom support, vcsa bugfix, nbd,
D: sun4/330 port, capabilities for elf, speedup for rm on ext2, USB,
D: work on suspend-to-ram/disk, killing duplicates from ioctl32
S: Volkova 1131
S: 198 00 Praha 9
D: work on suspend-to-ram/disk, killing duplicates from ioctl32,
D: Altera SoCFPGA and Nokia N900 support.
S: Czech Republic
N: Paul Mackerras
@ -3517,6 +3527,10 @@ S: 145 Howard St.
S: Northborough, MA 01532
S: USA
N: Doug Thompson
E: dougthompson@xmission.com
D: EDAC
N: Tommy Thorn
E: Tommy.Thorn@irisa.fr
W: http://www.irisa.fr/prive/thorn/index.html
@ -3653,6 +3667,10 @@ S: Obere Heerbergstrasse 17
S: 97078 Wuerzburg
S: Germany
N: Jason Uhlenkott
E: juhlenko@akamai.com
D: I3000 EDAC driver
N: Greg Ungerer
E: gerg@snapgear.com
D: uClinux kernel hacker
@ -3690,7 +3708,7 @@ S: Germany
N: Geert Uytterhoeven
E: geert@linux-m68k.org
W: http://users.telenet.be/geertu/
P: 1024/862678A6 C51D 361C 0BD1 4C90 B275 C553 6EEA 11BA 8626 78A6
P: 4096R/4804B4BC3F55EEFB 750D 82B0 A781 5431 5E25 925B 4804 B4BC 3F55 EEFB
D: m68k/Amiga and PPC/CHRP Longtrail coordinator
D: Frame buffer device and XF68_FBDev maintainer
D: m68k IDE maintainer

2
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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
output
*.pyc

7
Documentation/00-INDEX
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@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ IRQ.txt
Intel-IOMMU.txt
- basic info on the Intel IOMMU virtualization support.
Makefile
- some files in Documentation dir are actually sample code to build
- This file does nothing. Removing it breaks make htmldocs and
make distclean.
ManagementStyle
- how to (attempt to) manage kernel hackers.
RCU/
@ -255,10 +256,10 @@ kbuild/
- directory with info about the kernel build process.
kdump/
- directory with mini HowTo on getting the crash dump code to work.
kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt
- mini HowTo on generation and location of kernel documentation files.
kernel-docs.txt
- listing of various WWW + books that document kernel internals.
kernel-documentation.rst
- how to write and format reStructuredText kernel documentation
kernel-parameters.txt
- summary listing of command line / boot prompt args for the kernel.
kernel-per-CPU-kthreads.txt

345
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@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
==================
cfg80211 subsystem
==================
Device registration
===================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Device registration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_channel_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_channel
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rate_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rate
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_ht_cap
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_supported_band
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_signal_type
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_params_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wireless_dev
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_new
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_register
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_unregister
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_free
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_name
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_dev
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_priv
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: priv_to_wiphy
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: set_wiphy_dev
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wdev_priv
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_iface_limit
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_iface_combination
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_check_combinations
Actions and configuration
=========================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Actions and configuration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ops
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: vif_params
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: key_params
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: survey_info_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: survey_info
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_beacon_data
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ap_settings
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: station_parameters
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: rate_info_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: rate_info
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: station_info
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: monitor_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: mpath_info_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: mpath_info
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: bss_parameters
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_txq_params
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_crypto_settings
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_auth_request
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_assoc_request
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_deauth_request
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_disassoc_request
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ibss_params
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_connect_params
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_pmksa
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_rx_mlme_mgmt
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_auth_timeout
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_rx_assoc_resp
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_assoc_timeout
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_tx_mlme_mgmt
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ibss_joined
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_connect_result
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_connect_bss
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_connect_timeout
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_roamed
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_disconnected
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ready_on_channel
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_remain_on_channel_expired
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_new_sta
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_rx_mgmt
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_cqm_rssi_notify
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_cqm_pktloss_notify
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_michael_mic_failure
Scanning and BSS list handling
==============================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Scanning and BSS list handling
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_ssid
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_scan_request
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_scan_done
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_bss
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_inform_bss
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_inform_bss_frame_data
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_inform_bss_data
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_unlink_bss
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_find_ie
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_bss_get_ie
Utility functions
=================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Utility functions
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_channel_to_frequency
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_frequency_to_channel
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_channel
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_response_rate
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_hdrlen
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_radiotap_iterator
Data path helpers
=================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Data path helpers
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_data_to_8023
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_data_from_8023
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_classify8021d
Regulatory enforcement infrastructure
=====================================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Regulatory enforcement infrastructure
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: regulatory_hint
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_apply_custom_regulatory
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: freq_reg_info
RFkill integration
==================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: RFkill integration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_rfkill_set_hw_state
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_rfkill_start_polling
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: wiphy_rfkill_stop_polling
Test mode
=========
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:doc: Test mode
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_testmode_alloc_reply_skb
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_testmode_reply
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_testmode_alloc_event_skb
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/cfg80211.h
:functions: cfg80211_testmode_event

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python -*-
project = "Linux 802.11 Driver Developer's Guide"
tags.add("subproject")

17
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
=====================================
Linux 802.11 Driver Developer's Guide
=====================================
.. toctree::
introduction
cfg80211
mac80211
mac80211-advanced
.. only:: subproject
Indices
=======
* :ref:`genindex`

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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
============
Introduction
============
Explaining wireless 802.11 networking in the Linux kernel
Copyright 2007-2009 Johannes Berg
These books attempt to give a description of the various subsystems
that play a role in 802.11 wireless networking in Linux. Since these
books are for kernel developers they attempts to document the
structures and functions used in the kernel as well as giving a
higher-level overview.
The reader is expected to be familiar with the 802.11 standard as
published by the IEEE in 802.11-2007 (or possibly later versions).
References to this standard will be given as "802.11-2007 8.1.5".

295
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@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
=============================
mac80211 subsystem (advanced)
=============================
Information contained within this part of the book is of interest only
for advanced interaction of mac80211 with drivers to exploit more
hardware capabilities and improve performance.
LED support
===========
Mac80211 supports various ways of blinking LEDs. Wherever possible,
device LEDs should be exposed as LED class devices and hooked up to the
appropriate trigger, which will then be triggered appropriately by
mac80211.
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_tx_led_name
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_rx_led_name
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_radio_led_name
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tpt_blink
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tpt_led_trigger_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_create_tpt_led_trigger
Hardware crypto acceleration
============================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Hardware crypto acceleration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: set_key_cmd
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_key_conf
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_key_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k_iv
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_tkip_p2k
Powersave support
=================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Powersave support
Beacon filter support
=====================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Beacon filter support
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_beacon_loss
Multiple queues and QoS support
===============================
TBD
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_queue_params
Access point mode support
=========================
TBD
Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead
Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or in the hw
crypto chapter.
support for powersaving clients
-------------------------------
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: AP support for powersaving clients
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_get_buffered_bc
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_beacon_get
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_eosp
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_frame_release_type
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_ps_transition
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_ps_transition_ni
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_set_buffered
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_block_awake
Supporting multiple virtual interfaces
======================================
TBD
Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK
Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with different MAC
addresses here, note which configurations are supported by mac80211, add
notes about supporting hw crypto with it.
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces_atomic
Station handling
================
TODO
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: sta_notify_cmd
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_find_sta
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_find_sta_by_ifaddr
Hardware scan offload
=====================
TBD
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_scan_completed
Aggregation
===========
TX A-MPDU aggregation
---------------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/agg-tx.c
:doc: TX A-MPDU aggregation
.. WARNING: DOCPROC directive not supported: !Cnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c
RX A-MPDU aggregation
---------------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/agg-rx.c
:doc: RX A-MPDU aggregation
.. WARNING: DOCPROC directive not supported: !Cnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_ampdu_mlme_action
Spatial Multiplexing Powersave (SMPS)
=====================================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Spatial multiplexing power save
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_request_smps
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_smps_mode
TBD
This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm interface and
how it relates to mac80211 and drivers.
Rate Control API
================
TBD
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_start_tx_ba_session
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_start_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_session
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rate_control_changed
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_rate_control
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: rate_control_send_low
TBD
This part of the book describes mac80211 internals.
Key handling
============
Key handling basics
-------------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/key.c
:doc: Key handling basics
MORE TBD
--------
TBD
Receive processing
==================
TBD
Transmit processing
===================
TBD
Station info handling
=====================
Programming information
-----------------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.h
:functions: sta_info
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.h
:functions: ieee80211_sta_info_flags
STA information lifetime rules
------------------------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.c
:doc: STA information lifetime rules
Aggregation
===========
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.h
:functions: sta_ampdu_mlme
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.h
:functions: tid_ampdu_tx
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/sta_info.h
:functions: tid_ampdu_rx
Synchronisation
===============
TBD
Locking, lots of RCU

216
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@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
===========================
mac80211 subsystem (basics)
===========================
You should read and understand the information contained within this
part of the book while implementing a mac80211 driver. In some chapters,
advanced usage is noted, those may be skipped if this isn't needed.
This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode
functionality, additional information required to implement the other
modes is covered in the second part of the book.
Basic hardware handling
=======================
TBD
This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw struct allocated
and registered with mac80211.
Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering a hw
struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting up the
rate/mode structs.
Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and the general
programming model should be in here, including the definition of
ieee80211_ops which will be referred to a lot.
Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done with
references to other parts of the book.
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_hw
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_hw_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: SET_IEEE80211_DEV
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_ops
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_alloc_hw
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_register_hw
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_unregister_hw
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_free_hw
PHY configuration
=================
TBD
This chapter should describe PHY handling including start/stop callbacks
and the various structures used.
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_conf
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_conf_flags
Virtual interfaces
==================
TBD
This chapter should describe virtual interface basics that are relevant
to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.) It should explain the use of
the add_iface/remove_iface callbacks as well as the interface
configuration callbacks.
Things related to AP mode should be discussed there.
Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be in the
appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about this though and
the recommendation to allow only a single interface in STA mode at
first!
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_vif
Receive and transmit processing
===============================
what should be here
-------------------
TBD
This should describe the receive and transmit paths in mac80211/the
drivers as well as transmit status handling.
Frame format
------------
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Frame format
Packet alignment
----------------
.. kernel-doc:: net/mac80211/rx.c
:doc: Packet alignment
Calling into mac80211 from interrupts
-------------------------------------
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Calling mac80211 from interrupts
functions/definitions
---------------------
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rx_status
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: mac80211_rx_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: mac80211_tx_info_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: mac80211_tx_control_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: mac80211_rate_control_flags
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_rate
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_info
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_info_clear_status
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rx
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rx_ni
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rx_irqsafe
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_status
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_status_ni
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rts_get
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_rts_duration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_ctstoself_get
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_ctstoself_duration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_generic_frame_duration
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_wake_queue
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_stop_queue
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_wake_queues
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_stop_queues
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_queue_stopped
Frame filtering
===============
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: Frame filtering
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_filter_flags
The mac80211 workqueue
======================
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:doc: mac80211 workqueue
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_queue_work
.. kernel-doc:: include/net/mac80211.h
:functions: ieee80211_queue_delayed_work

2
Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-devices
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# Note: This documents additional properties of any device beyond what
# is documented in Documentation/sysfs-rules.txt
What: /sys/devices/*/of_path
What: /sys/devices/*/of_node
Date: February 2015
Contact: Device Tree mailing list <devicetree@vger.kernel.org>
Description:

36
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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
What: /config/acpi
Date: July 2016
KernelVersion: 4.8
Contact: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
Description:
This represents the ACPI subsystem entry point directory. It
contains sub-groups corresponding to ACPI configurable options.
What: /config/acpi/table
Date: July 2016
KernelVersion: 4.8
Description:
This group contains the configuration for user defined ACPI
tables. The attributes of a user define table are:
aml - a binary attribute that the user can use to
fill in the ACPI aml definitions. Once the aml
data is written to this file and the file is
closed the table will be loaded and ACPI devices
will be enumerated. To check if the operation is
successful the user must check the error code
for close(). If the operation is successful,
subsequent writes to this attribute will fail.
The rest of the attributes are read-only and are valid only
after the table has been loaded by filling the aml entry:
signature - ASCII table signature
length - length of table in bytes, including the header
revision - ACPI Specification minor version number
oem_id - ASCII OEM identification
oem_table_id - ASCII OEM table identification
oem_revision - OEM revision number
asl_compiler_id - ASCII ASL compiler vendor ID
asl_compiler_revision - ASL compiler version

13
Documentation/ABI/testing/configfs-iio
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@ -19,3 +19,16 @@ KernelVersion: 4.4
Description:
High resolution timers directory. Creating a directory here
will result in creating a hrtimer trigger in the IIO subsystem.
What: /config/iio/devices
Date: April 2016
KernelVersion: 4.7
Description:
Industrial IO software devices directory.
What: /config/iio/devices/dummy
Date: April 2016
KernelVersion: 4.7
Description:
Dummy IIO devices directory. Creating a directory here will result
in creating a dummy IIO device in the IIO subystem.

58
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: UVC function directory
streaming_maxburst - 0..15 (ss only)
@ -9,37 +9,37 @@ Description: UVC function directory
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Control descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class/ss
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Super speed control class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/class/fs
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Full speed control class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Terminal descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/output
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Output terminal descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/output/default
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Default output terminal descriptors
All attributes read only:
@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ Description: Default output terminal descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/camera
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Camera terminal descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/terminal/camera/default
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Default camera terminal descriptors
All attributes read only:
@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ Description: Default camera terminal descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/processing
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Processing unit descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/processing/default
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Default processing unit descriptors
All attributes read only:
@ -94,49 +94,49 @@ Description: Default processing unit descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/header
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Control header descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/control/header/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific control header descriptors
dwClockFrequency
bcdUVC
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Streaming descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Streaming class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/ss
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Super speed streaming class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/hs
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: High speed streaming class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/class/fs
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Full speed streaming class descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/color_matching
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Color matching descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/color_matching/default
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Default color matching descriptors
All attributes read only:
@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ Description: Default color matching descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: MJPEG format descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific MJPEG format descriptors
All attributes read only,
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ Description: Specific MJPEG format descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/mjpeg/name/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific MJPEG frame descriptors
dwFrameInterval - indicates how frame interval can be
@ -196,12 +196,12 @@ Description: Specific MJPEG frame descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Uncompressed format descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific uncompressed format descriptors
bmaControls - this format's data for bmaControls in
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Description: Specific uncompressed format descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/uncompressed/name/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific uncompressed frame descriptors
dwFrameInterval - indicates how frame interval can be
@ -243,12 +243,12 @@ Description: Specific uncompressed frame descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/header
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Streaming header descriptors
What: /config/usb-gadget/gadget/functions/uvc.name/streaming/header/name
Date: Dec 2014
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.0
Description: Specific streaming header descriptors
All attributes read only:

14
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View File

@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ Description:
Description of the physical chip / device for device X.
Typically a part number.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/timestamp_clock
KernelVersion: 4.5
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
Description:
String identifying current posix clock used to timestamp
buffered samples and events for device X.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/sampling_frequency
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/buffer/sampling_frequency
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/triggerX/sampling_frequency
@ -1565,3 +1572,10 @@ Description:
* X is in the plane of the propellers, perpendicular to Y axis,
and positive towards the starboard side of the UAV ;
* Z is perpendicular to propellers plane and positive upwards.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_electricalconductivity_raw
KernelVersion: 4.8
Contact: linux-iio@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Raw (unscaled no offset etc.) electric conductivity reading that
can be processed to siemens per meter.

67
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@ -1,54 +1,41 @@
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/tia_resistanceY
/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/tia_capacitanceY
Date: December 2015
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get and set the resistance and the capacitance settings for the
Transimpedance Amplifier. Y is 1 for Rf1 and Cf1, Y is 2 for
Rf2 and Cf2 values.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/tia_separate_en
Date: December 2015
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Enable or disable separate settings for the TransImpedance
Amplifier above, when disabled both values are set by the
first channel.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ledY_raw
/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ledY_ambient_raw
Date: December 2015
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_raw
Date: May 2016
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get measured values from the ADC for these stages. Y is the
specific LED number. The values are expressed in 24-bit twos
complement.
specific stage number corresponding to datasheet stage names
as follows:
1 -> LED2
2 -> ALED2/LED3
3 -> LED1
4 -> ALED1/LED4
Note that channels 5 and 6 represent LED2-ALED2 and LED1-ALED1
respectively which simply helper channels containing the
calculated difference in the value of stage 1 - 2 and 3 - 4.
The values are expressed in 24-bit twos complement.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensity_ledY-ledY_ambient_raw
Date: December 2015
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get differential values from the ADC for these stages. Y is the
specific LED number. The values are expressed in 24-bit twos
complement for the specified LEDs.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_current_ledY_offset
/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_current_ledY_ambient_offset
Date: December 2015
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_offset
Date: May 2016
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get and set the offset cancellation DAC setting for these
stages. The values are expressed in 5-bit sign-magnitude.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_current_ledY_raw
Date: December 2015
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_resistance
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_intensityY_capacitance
Date: May 2016
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get and set the LED current for the specified LED. Y is the
specific LED number.
Get and set the resistance and the capacitance settings for the
Transimpedance Amplifier during the associated stage.
What: /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/out_currentY_raw
Date: May 2016
KernelVersion:
Contact: Andrew F. Davis <afd@ti.com>
Description:
Get and set the LED current for the specified LED active during
this stage. Y is the specific stage number.

2
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-iio-proximity-as3935
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_raw
What /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/in_proximity_input
Date: March 2014
KernelVersion: 3.15
Contact: Matt Ranostay <mranostay@gmail.com>

29
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-rbd
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Description:
Being used for adding and removing rbd block devices.
Usage: <mon ip addr> <options> <pool name> <rbd image name> [snap name]
Usage: <mon ip addr> <options> <pool name> <rbd image name> [<snap name>]
$ echo "192.168.0.1 name=admin rbd foo" > /sys/bus/rbd/add
@ -14,9 +14,13 @@ The snapshot name can be "-" or omitted to map the image read/write. A <dev-id>
will be assigned for any registered block device. If snapshot is used, it will
be mapped read-only.
Removal of a device:
Usage: <dev-id> [force]
$ echo <dev-id> > /sys/bus/rbd/remove
$ echo 2 > /sys/bus/rbd/remove
Optional "force" argument which when passed will wait for running requests and
then unmap the image. Requests sent to the driver after initiating the removal
will be failed. (August 2016, since 4.9.)
What: /sys/bus/rbd/add_single_major
Date: December 2013
@ -43,10 +47,25 @@ Description: Available only if rbd module is inserted with single_major
Entries under /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<dev-id>/
--------------------------------------------
client_addr
The ceph unique client entity_addr_t (address + nonce).
The format is <address>:<port>/<nonce>: '1.2.3.4:1234/5678' or
'[1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8]:1234/5678'. (August 2016, since 4.9.)
client_id
The ceph unique client id that was assigned for this specific session.
cluster_fsid
The ceph cluster UUID. (August 2016, since 4.9.)
config_info
The string written into /sys/bus/rbd/add{,_single_major}. (August
2016, since 4.9.)
features
A hexadecimal encoding of the feature bits for this image.
@ -92,6 +111,10 @@ current_snap
The current snapshot for which the device is mapped.
snap_id
The current snapshot's id. (August 2016, since 4.9.)
parent
Information identifying the chain of parent images in a layered rbd

3
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View File

@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ Description:
of led events.
You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO
scheduler is chosen. Trigger specific parameters can appear in
/sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected.
/sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected. For
their documentation see sysfs-class-led-trigger-*.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/inverted
Date: January 2011

36
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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/delay_on
Date: Jun 2012
KernelVersion: 3.6
Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Specifies for how many milliseconds the LED has to stay at
LED_FULL brightness after it has been armed.
Defaults to 100 ms.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/delay_off
Date: Jun 2012
KernelVersion: 3.6
Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Specifies for how many milliseconds the LED has to stay at
LED_OFF brightness after it has been armed.
Defaults to 100 ms.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/invert
Date: Jun 2012
KernelVersion: 3.6
Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Reverse the blink logic. If set to 0 (default) blink on for
delay_on ms, then blink off for delay_off ms, leaving the LED
normally off. If set to 1, blink off for delay_off ms, then
blink on for delay_on ms, leaving the LED normally on.
Setting this value also immediately changes the LED state.
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/shot
Date: Jun 2012
KernelVersion: 3.6
Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Write any non-empty string to signal an events, this starts a
blink sequence if not already running.

12
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led-trigger-usbport Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/ports/<port>
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: linux-leds@vger.kernel.org
linux-usb@vger.kernel.org
Description:
Every dir entry represents a single USB port that can be
selected for the USB port trigger. Selecting ports makes trigger
observing them for any connected devices and lighting on LED if
there are any.
Echoing "1" value selects USB port. Echoing "0" unselects it.
Current state can be also read.

2
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-mic.txt
View File

@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/mic/mic(x)/heartbeat_enable
Date: March 2015
KernelVersion: 3.20
KernelVersion: 4.4
Contact: Ashutosh Dixit <ashutosh.dixit@intel.com>
Description:
The MIC drivers detect and inform user space about card crashes

20
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-batman-adv
View File

@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/batman-adv/throughput_override
Date: Feb 2014
Contact: Antonio Quartulli <antonio@meshcoding.com>
description:
Defines the throughput value to be used by B.A.T.M.A.N. V
when estimating the link throughput using this interface.
If the value is set to 0 then batman-adv will try to
estimate the throughput by itself.
What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/batman-adv/elp_interval
Date: Feb 2014
Contact: Linus Lüssing <linus.luessing@web.de>
Description:
Defines the interval in milliseconds in which batman
sends its probing packets for link quality measurements.
emits probing packets for neighbor sensing (ELP).
What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/batman-adv/iface_status
Date: May 2010
@ -28,3 +19,12 @@ Description:
The /sys/class/net/<iface>/batman-adv/mesh_iface file
displays the batman mesh interface this <iface>
currently is associated with.
What: /sys/class/net/<iface>/batman-adv/throughput_override
Date: Feb 2014
Contact: Antonio Quartulli <a@unstable.cc>
description:
Defines the throughput value to be used by B.A.T.M.A.N. V
when estimating the link throughput using this interface.
If the value is set to 0 then batman-adv will try to
estimate the throughput by itself.

8
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-power
View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/power_supply/max14577-charger/device/fast_charge_timer
Date: October 2014
KernelVersion: 3.18.0
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Description:
This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max14577
charger operates in fast-charge mode. When the timer expires
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/fast_charge_timer
Date: January 2015
KernelVersion: 3.19.0
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Description:
This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max77693
charger operates in fast-charge mode. When the timer expires
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/top_off_threshold_current
Date: January 2015
KernelVersion: 3.19.0
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Description:
This entry shows and sets the charging current threshold for
entering top-off charging mode. When charging current in fast
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Description:
What: /sys/class/power_supply/max77693-charger/device/top_off_timer
Date: January 2015
KernelVersion: 3.19.0
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <k.kozlowski@samsung.com>
Contact: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Description:
This entry shows and sets the maximum time the max77693
charger operates in top-off charge mode. When the timer expires

9
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pwm
View File

@ -77,3 +77,12 @@ Description:
Enable/disable the PWM signal.
0 is disabled
1 is enabled
What: /sys/class/pwm/pwmchipN/pwmX/capture
Date: June 2016
KernelVersion: 4.8
Contact: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Description:
Capture information about a PWM signal. The output format is a
pair unsigned integers (period and duty cycle), separated by a
single space.

10
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-system-cpu
View File

@ -340,3 +340,13 @@ Description: POWERNV CPUFreq driver's frequency throttle stats directory and
'policyX/throttle_stats' directory and all the attributes are same as
the /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/throttle_stats directory and
attributes which give the frequency throttle information of the chip.
What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/midr_el1
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/regs/identification/revidr_el1
Date: June 2016
Contact: Linux ARM Kernel Mailing list <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>
Description: AArch64 CPU registers
'identification' directory exposes the CPU ID registers for
identifying model and revision of the CPU.

15
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-hid-logitech-lg4ff
View File

@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ Description: Displays a set of alternate modes supported by a wheel. Each
DF-EX <*--------> G25 <-> G27
DF-EX <*----------------> G27
G29:
DF-EX <*> DFP <-> G25 <-> G27 <-> G29
DF-EX <*--------> G25 <-> G27 <-> G29
DF-EX <*----------------> G27 <-> G29
DF-EX <*------------------------> G29
DFGT:
DF-EX <*> DFP <-> DFGT
DF-EX <*--------> DFGT
@ -50,3 +56,12 @@ Description: Displays the real model of the wheel regardless of any
alternate mode the wheel might be switched to.
It is a read-only value.
This entry is not created for devices that have only one mode.
What: /sys/bus/hid/drivers/logitech/<dev>/combine_pedals
Date: Sep 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Simon Wood <simon@mungewell.org>
Description: Controls whether a combined value of accelerator and brake is
reported on the Y axis of the controller. Useful for older games
which can do not work with separate accelerator/brake axis.
Off ('0') by default, enabled by setting '1'.

5
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-wacom
View File

@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status0_luminance
Date: August 2014
Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
Description:
<obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
Writing to this file sets the status LED luminance (1..127)
when the stylus does not touch the tablet surface, and no
button is pressed on the stylus. This luminance level is
@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status1_luminance
Date: August 2014
Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
Description:
<obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
Writing to this file sets the status LED luminance (1..127)
when the stylus touches the tablet surface, or any button is
pressed on the stylus.
@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status_led0_select
Date: August 2014
Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
Description:
<obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
Writing to this file sets which one of the four (for Intuos 4
and Intuos 5) or of the right four (for Cintiq 21UX2 and Cintiq
24HD) status LEDs is active (0..3). The other three LEDs on the
@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_led/status_led1_select
Date: August 2014
Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
Description:
<obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
Writing to this file sets which one of the left four (for Cintiq 21UX2
and Cintiq 24HD) status LEDs is active (0..3). The other three LEDs on
the left are always inactive.
@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ What: /sys/bus/hid/devices/<bus>:<vid>:<pid>.<n>/wacom_remote/<serial_number>/r
Date: July 2015
Contact: linux-input@vger.kernel.org
Description:
<obsoleted by the LED class API now exported by the driver>
Reading from this file reports the mode status of the
remote as indicated by the LED lights on the device. If no
reports have been received from the paired device, reading

31
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-i2c-bmp085
View File

@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/pressure0_input
Date: June 2010
Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com>
Description: Start a pressure measurement and read the result. Values
represent the ambient air pressure in pascal (0.01 millibar).
Reading: returns the current air pressure.
What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/temp0_input
Date: June 2010
Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com>
Description: Measure the ambient temperature. The returned value represents
the ambient temperature in units of 0.1 degree celsius.
Reading: returns the current temperature.
What: /sys/bus/i2c/devices/<busnum>-<devaddr>/oversampling
Date: June 2010
Contact: Christoph Mair <christoph.mair@gmail.com>
Description: Tell the bmp085 to use more samples to calculate a pressure
value. When writing to this file the chip will use 2^x samples
to calculate the next pressure value with x being the value
written. Using this feature will decrease RMS noise and
increase the measurement time.
Reading: returns the current oversampling setting.
Writing: sets a new oversampling setting.
Accepted values: 0..3.

53
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-irq Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
What: /sys/kernel/irq
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: Directory containing information about the system's IRQs.
Specifically, data from the associated struct irq_desc.
The information here is similar to that in /proc/interrupts
but in a more machine-friendly format. This directory contains
one subdirectory for each Linux IRQ number.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/actions
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: The IRQ action chain. A comma-separated list of zero or more
device names associated with this interrupt.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/chip_name
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: Human-readable chip name supplied by the associated device
driver.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/hwirq
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: When interrupt translation domains are used, this file contains
the underlying hardware IRQ number used for this Linux IRQ.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/name
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: Human-readable flow handler name as defined by the irq chip
driver.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/per_cpu_count
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: The number of times the interrupt has fired since boot. This
is a comma-separated list of counters; one per CPU in CPU id
order. NOTE: This file consistently shows counters for all
CPU ids. This differs from the behavior of /proc/interrupts
which only shows counters for online CPUs.
What: /sys/kernel/irq/<irq>/type
Date: September 2016
KernelVersion: 4.9
Contact: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Description: The type of the interrupt. Either the string 'level' or 'edge'.

262
Documentation/Changes
View File

@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
.. _changes:
Minimal requerements to compile the Kernel
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Intro
=====
This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
@ -10,9 +15,9 @@ Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
'net).
Current Minimal Requirements
============================
****************************
Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
running, the suggested command should tell you.
@ -21,34 +26,40 @@ running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version
o GNU make 3.80 # make --version
o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
o udev 081 # udevd --version
o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 # openssl version
o bc 1.06.95 # bc --version
====================== =============== ========================================
Program Minimal version Command to check the version
====================== =============== ========================================
GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
GNU make 3.80 make --version
binutils 2.12 ld -v
util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
procps 3.2.0 ps --version
oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
udev 081 udevd --version
grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
bc 1.06.95 bc --version
Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
====================== =============== ========================================
.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
Kernel compilation
==================
******************
GCC
---
@ -64,16 +75,16 @@ You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
Binutils
--------
Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
release of binutils.
Perl
----
You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
BC
--
@ -93,7 +104,7 @@ and higher.
System utilities
================
****************
Architectural changes
---------------------
@ -115,7 +126,7 @@ well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
Util-linux
----------
New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
You'll probably want to upgrade.
@ -125,54 +136,57 @@ Ksymoops
If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
with ksymoops.
Module-Init-Tools
-----------------
A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
Mkinitrd
--------
These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
mkinitrd be upgraded.
E2fsprogs
---------
The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
JFSutils
--------
The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
The following utilities are available:
o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
and repair a JFS formatted partition.
o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
Reiserfsprogs
-------------
The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
Xfsprogs
--------
The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
PCMCIAutils
-----------
PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
subsystem is used.
@ -198,19 +212,20 @@ Intel IA32 microcode
A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
udev you may need to:
udev you may need to::
mkdir /dev/cpu
mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
mkdir /dev/cpu
mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
udev
----
udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
devices.
@ -218,10 +233,10 @@ FUSE
----
Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
Networking
==========
**********
General changes
---------------
@ -243,9 +258,9 @@ enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
which can be made by:
which can be made by::
mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
as root.
@ -260,22 +275,22 @@ NFS-utils
In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
currently active clients.
To enable this new functionality, you need to:
To enable this new functionality, you need to::
mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
@ -287,8 +302,32 @@ mcelog
------
On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
Kernel documentation
********************
Sphinx
------
The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
.. note::
Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need
to install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal
set of functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work.
Other tools
-----------
In order to produce documentation from DocBook, you'll also need ``xmlto``.
Please notice, however, that we're currently migrating all documents to use
``Sphinx``.
Getting updated software
========================
@ -298,114 +337,149 @@ Kernel compilation
gcc
---
o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
Make
----
o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
Binutils
--------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
OpenSSL
-------
o <https://www.openssl.org/>
- <https://www.openssl.org/>
System utilities
****************
Util-linux
----------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
Ksymoops
--------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
Module-Init-Tools
-----------------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
Mkinitrd
--------
o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
E2fsprogs
---------
o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
- <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
JFSutils
--------
o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
- <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
Reiserfsprogs
-------------
o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
- <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
Xfsprogs
--------
o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
- <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
Pcmciautils
-----------
o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
- <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
Quota-tools
----------
o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
-----------
- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
DocBook Stylesheets
-------------------
o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
XMLTO XSLT Frontend
-------------------
o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
- <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
Intel P6 microcode
------------------
o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
udev
----
o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
- <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
FUSE
----
o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
- <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
mcelog
------
o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
- <http://www.mcelog.org/>
Networking
**********
PPP
---
o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
- <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
Isdn4k-utils
------------
o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
- <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
NFS-utils
---------
o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
- <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
Iptables
--------
o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
- <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
Ip-route2
---------
o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
OProfile
--------
o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
- <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
NFS-Utils
---------
o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
- <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
Kernel documentation
********************
Sphinx
------
- <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>

2
Documentation/CodeOfConflict
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ please contact the Linux Foundation's Technical Advisory Board at
will work to resolve the issue to the best of their ability. For more
information on who is on the Technical Advisory Board and what their
role is, please see:
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/programs/advisory-councils/tab
http://www.linuxfoundation.org/projects/linux/tab
As a reviewer of code, please strive to keep things civil and focused on
the technical issues involved. We are all humans, and frustrations can

402
Documentation/CodingStyle
View File

@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
.. _codingstyle:
Linux kernel coding style
Linux kernel coding style
=========================
This is a short document describing the preferred coding style for the
linux kernel. Coding style is very personal, and I won't _force_ my
linux kernel. Coding style is very personal, and I won't **force** my
views on anybody, but this is what goes for anything that I have to be
able to maintain, and I'd prefer it for most other things too. Please
at least consider the points made here.
@ -13,7 +15,8 @@ and NOT read it. Burn them, it's a great symbolic gesture.
Anyway, here goes:
Chapter 1: Indentation
1) Indentation
--------------
Tabs are 8 characters, and thus indentations are also 8 characters.
There are heretic movements that try to make indentations 4 (or even 2!)
@ -36,8 +39,10 @@ benefit of warning you when you're nesting your functions too deep.
Heed that warning.
The preferred way to ease multiple indentation levels in a switch statement is
to align the "switch" and its subordinate "case" labels in the same column
instead of "double-indenting" the "case" labels. E.g.:
to align the ``switch`` and its subordinate ``case`` labels in the same column
instead of ``double-indenting`` the ``case`` labels. E.g.:
.. code-block:: c
switch (suffix) {
case 'G':
@ -59,6 +64,8 @@ instead of "double-indenting" the "case" labels. E.g.:
Don't put multiple statements on a single line unless you have
something to hide:
.. code-block:: c
if (condition) do_this;
do_something_everytime;
@ -71,7 +78,8 @@ used for indentation, and the above example is deliberately broken.
Get a decent editor and don't leave whitespace at the end of lines.
Chapter 2: Breaking long lines and strings
2) Breaking long lines and strings
----------------------------------
Coding style is all about readability and maintainability using commonly
available tools.
@ -87,7 +95,8 @@ with a long argument list. However, never break user-visible strings such as
printk messages, because that breaks the ability to grep for them.
Chapter 3: Placing Braces and Spaces
3) Placing Braces and Spaces
----------------------------
The other issue that always comes up in C styling is the placement of
braces. Unlike the indent size, there are few technical reasons to
@ -95,6 +104,8 @@ choose one placement strategy over the other, but the preferred way, as
shown to us by the prophets Kernighan and Ritchie, is to put the opening
brace last on the line, and put the closing brace first, thusly:
.. code-block:: c
if (x is true) {
we do y
}
@ -102,6 +113,8 @@ brace last on the line, and put the closing brace first, thusly:
This applies to all non-function statement blocks (if, switch, for,
while, do). E.g.:
.. code-block:: c
switch (action) {
case KOBJ_ADD:
return "add";
@ -116,6 +129,8 @@ while, do). E.g.:
However, there is one special case, namely functions: they have the
opening brace at the beginning of the next line, thus:
.. code-block:: c
int function(int x)
{
body of function
@ -123,20 +138,24 @@ opening brace at the beginning of the next line, thus:
Heretic people all over the world have claimed that this inconsistency
is ... well ... inconsistent, but all right-thinking people know that
(a) K&R are _right_ and (b) K&R are right. Besides, functions are
(a) K&R are **right** and (b) K&R are right. Besides, functions are
special anyway (you can't nest them in C).
Note that the closing brace is empty on a line of its own, _except_ in
Note that the closing brace is empty on a line of its own, **except** in
the cases where it is followed by a continuation of the same statement,
ie a "while" in a do-statement or an "else" in an if-statement, like
ie a ``while`` in a do-statement or an ``else`` in an if-statement, like
this:
.. code-block:: c
do {
body of do-loop
} while (condition);
and
.. code-block:: c
if (x == y) {
..
} else if (x > y) {
@ -155,11 +174,15 @@ comments on.
Do not unnecessarily use braces where a single statement will do.
.. code-block:: c
if (condition)
action();
and
.. code-block:: none
if (condition)
do_this();
else
@ -168,6 +191,8 @@ and
This does not apply if only one branch of a conditional statement is a single
statement; in the latter case use braces in both branches:
.. code-block:: c
if (condition) {
do_this();
do_that();
@ -175,57 +200,67 @@ statement; in the latter case use braces in both branches:
otherwise();
}
3.1: Spaces
3.1) Spaces
***********
Linux kernel style for use of spaces depends (mostly) on
function-versus-keyword usage. Use a space after (most) keywords. The
notable exceptions are sizeof, typeof, alignof, and __attribute__, which look
somewhat like functions (and are usually used with parentheses in Linux,
although they are not required in the language, as in: "sizeof info" after
"struct fileinfo info;" is declared).
although they are not required in the language, as in: ``sizeof info`` after
``struct fileinfo info;`` is declared).
So use a space after these keywords:
So use a space after these keywords::
if, switch, case, for, do, while
but not with sizeof, typeof, alignof, or __attribute__. E.g.,
.. code-block:: c
s = sizeof(struct file);
Do not add spaces around (inside) parenthesized expressions. This example is
*bad*:
**bad**:
.. code-block:: c
s = sizeof( struct file );
When declaring pointer data or a function that returns a pointer type, the
preferred use of '*' is adjacent to the data name or function name and not
preferred use of ``*`` is adjacent to the data name or function name and not
adjacent to the type name. Examples:
.. code-block:: c
char *linux_banner;
unsigned long long memparse(char *ptr, char **retptr);
char *match_strdup(substring_t *s);
Use one space around (on each side of) most binary and ternary operators,
such as any of these:
such as any of these::
= + - < > * / % | & ^ <= >= == != ? :
but no space after unary operators:
but no space after unary operators::
& * + - ~ ! sizeof typeof alignof __attribute__ defined
no space before the postfix increment & decrement unary operators:
no space before the postfix increment & decrement unary operators::
++ --
no space after the prefix increment & decrement unary operators:
no space after the prefix increment & decrement unary operators::
++ --
and no space around the '.' and "->" structure member operators.
and no space around the ``.`` and ``->`` structure member operators.
Do not leave trailing whitespace at the ends of lines. Some editors with
"smart" indentation will insert whitespace at the beginning of new lines as
``smart`` indentation will insert whitespace at the beginning of new lines as
appropriate, so you can start typing the next line of code right away.
However, some such editors do not remove the whitespace if you end up not
putting a line of code there, such as if you leave a blank line. As a result,
@ -237,22 +272,23 @@ of patches, this may make later patches in the series fail by changing their
context lines.
Chapter 4: Naming
4) Naming
---------
C is a Spartan language, and so should your naming be. Unlike Modula-2
and Pascal programmers, C programmers do not use cute names like
ThisVariableIsATemporaryCounter. A C programmer would call that
variable "tmp", which is much easier to write, and not the least more
variable ``tmp``, which is much easier to write, and not the least more
difficult to understand.
HOWEVER, while mixed-case names are frowned upon, descriptive names for
global variables are a must. To call a global function "foo" is a
global variables are a must. To call a global function ``foo`` is a
shooting offense.
GLOBAL variables (to be used only if you _really_ need them) need to
GLOBAL variables (to be used only if you **really** need them) need to
have descriptive names, as do global functions. If you have a function
that counts the number of active users, you should call that
"count_active_users()" or similar, you should _not_ call it "cntusr()".
``count_active_users()`` or similar, you should **not** call it ``cntusr()``.
Encoding the type of a function into the name (so-called Hungarian
notation) is brain damaged - the compiler knows the types anyway and can
@ -260,9 +296,9 @@ check those, and it only confuses the programmer. No wonder MicroSoft
makes buggy programs.
LOCAL variable names should be short, and to the point. If you have
some random integer loop counter, it should probably be called "i".
Calling it "loop_counter" is non-productive, if there is no chance of it
being mis-understood. Similarly, "tmp" can be just about any type of
some random integer loop counter, it should probably be called ``i``.
Calling it ``loop_counter`` is non-productive, if there is no chance of it
being mis-understood. Similarly, ``tmp`` can be just about any type of
variable that is used to hold a temporary value.
If you are afraid to mix up your local variable names, you have another
@ -270,59 +306,69 @@ problem, which is called the function-growth-hormone-imbalance syndrome.
See chapter 6 (Functions).
Chapter 5: Typedefs
5) Typedefs
-----------
Please don't use things like ``vps_t``.
It's a **mistake** to use typedef for structures and pointers. When you see a
.. code-block:: c
Please don't use things like "vps_t".
It's a _mistake_ to use typedef for structures and pointers. When you see a
vps_t a;
in the source, what does it mean?
In contrast, if it says
.. code-block:: c
struct virtual_container *a;
you can actually tell what "a" is.
you can actually tell what ``a`` is.
Lots of people think that typedefs "help readability". Not so. They are
Lots of people think that typedefs ``help readability``. Not so. They are
useful only for:
(a) totally opaque objects (where the typedef is actively used to _hide_
(a) totally opaque objects (where the typedef is actively used to **hide**
what the object is).
Example: "pte_t" etc. opaque objects that you can only access using
Example: ``pte_t`` etc. opaque objects that you can only access using
the proper accessor functions.
NOTE! Opaqueness and "accessor functions" are not good in themselves.
The reason we have them for things like pte_t etc. is that there
really is absolutely _zero_ portably accessible information there.
.. note::
(b) Clear integer types, where the abstraction _helps_ avoid confusion
whether it is "int" or "long".
Opaqueness and ``accessor functions`` are not good in themselves.
The reason we have them for things like pte_t etc. is that there
really is absolutely **zero** portably accessible information there.
(b) Clear integer types, where the abstraction **helps** avoid confusion
whether it is ``int`` or ``long``.
u8/u16/u32 are perfectly fine typedefs, although they fit into
category (d) better than here.
NOTE! Again - there needs to be a _reason_ for this. If something is
"unsigned long", then there's no reason to do
.. note::
Again - there needs to be a **reason** for this. If something is
``unsigned long``, then there's no reason to do
typedef unsigned long myflags_t;
but if there is a clear reason for why it under certain circumstances
might be an "unsigned int" and under other configurations might be
"unsigned long", then by all means go ahead and use a typedef.
might be an ``unsigned int`` and under other configurations might be
``unsigned long``, then by all means go ahead and use a typedef.
(c) when you use sparse to literally create a _new_ type for
(c) when you use sparse to literally create a **new** type for
type-checking.
(d) New types which are identical to standard C99 types, in certain
exceptional circumstances.
Although it would only take a short amount of time for the eyes and
brain to become accustomed to the standard types like 'uint32_t',
brain to become accustomed to the standard types like ``uint32_t``,
some people object to their use anyway.
Therefore, the Linux-specific 'u8/u16/u32/u64' types and their
Therefore, the Linux-specific ``u8/u16/u32/u64`` types and their
signed equivalents which are identical to standard types are
permitted -- although they are not mandatory in new code of your
own.
@ -333,7 +379,7 @@ useful only for:
(e) Types safe for use in userspace.
In certain structures which are visible to userspace, we cannot
require C99 types and cannot use the 'u32' form above. Thus, we
require C99 types and cannot use the ``u32`` form above. Thus, we
use __u32 and similar types in all structures which are shared
with userspace.
@ -341,10 +387,11 @@ Maybe there are other cases too, but the rule should basically be to NEVER
EVER use a typedef unless you can clearly match one of those rules.
In general, a pointer, or a struct that has elements that can reasonably
be directly accessed should _never_ be a typedef.
be directly accessed should **never** be a typedef.
Chapter 6: Functions
6) Functions
------------
Functions should be short and sweet, and do just one thing. They should
fit on one or two screenfuls of text (the ISO/ANSI screen size is 80x24,
@ -372,8 +419,10 @@ and it gets confused. You know you're brilliant, but maybe you'd like
to understand what you did 2 weeks from now.
In source files, separate functions with one blank line. If the function is
exported, the EXPORT* macro for it should follow immediately after the closing
function brace line. E.g.:
exported, the **EXPORT** macro for it should follow immediately after the
closing function brace line. E.g.:
.. code-block:: c
int system_is_up(void)
{
@ -386,7 +435,8 @@ Although this is not required by the C language, it is preferred in Linux
because it is a simple way to add valuable information for the reader.
Chapter 7: Centralized exiting of functions
7) Centralized exiting of functions
-----------------------------------
Albeit deprecated by some people, the equivalent of the goto statement is
used frequently by compilers in form of the unconditional jump instruction.
@ -396,18 +446,21 @@ locations and some common work such as cleanup has to be done. If there is no
cleanup needed then just return directly.
Choose label names which say what the goto does or why the goto exists. An
example of a good name could be "out_buffer:" if the goto frees "buffer". Avoid
using GW-BASIC names like "err1:" and "err2:". Also don't name them after the
goto location like "err_kmalloc_failed:"
example of a good name could be ``out_free_buffer:`` if the goto frees ``buffer``.
Avoid using GW-BASIC names like ``err1:`` and ``err2:``, as you would have to
renumber them if you ever add or remove exit paths, and they make correctness
difficult to verify anyway.
The rationale for using gotos is:
- unconditional statements are easier to understand and follow
- nesting is reduced
- errors by not updating individual exit points when making
modifications are prevented
modifications are prevented
- saves the compiler work to optimize redundant code away ;)
.. code-block:: c
int fun(int a)
{
int result = 0;
@ -425,27 +478,41 @@ The rationale for using gotos is:
goto out_buffer;
}
...
out_buffer:
out_free_buffer:
kfree(buffer);
return result;
}
A common type of bug to be aware of is "one err bugs" which look like this:
A common type of bug to be aware of is ``one err bugs`` which look like this:
.. code-block:: c
err:
kfree(foo->bar);
kfree(foo);
return ret;
The bug in this code is that on some exit paths "foo" is NULL. Normally the
fix for this is to split it up into two error labels "err_bar:" and "err_foo:".
The bug in this code is that on some exit paths ``foo`` is NULL. Normally the
fix for this is to split it up into two error labels ``err_free_bar:`` and
``err_free_foo:``:
.. code-block:: c
err_free_bar:
kfree(foo->bar);
err_free_foo:
kfree(foo);
return ret;
Ideally you should simulate errors to test all exit paths.
Chapter 8: Commenting
8) Commenting
-------------
Comments are good, but there is also a danger of over-commenting. NEVER
try to explain HOW your code works in a comment: it's much better to
write the code so that the _working_ is obvious, and it's a waste of
write the code so that the **working** is obvious, and it's a waste of
time to explain badly written code.
Generally, you want your comments to tell WHAT your code does, not HOW.
@ -458,14 +525,13 @@ of the function, telling people what it does, and possibly WHY it does
it.
When commenting the kernel API functions, please use the kernel-doc format.
See the files Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt and scripts/kernel-doc
See the files Documentation/kernel-documentation.rst and scripts/kernel-doc
for details.
Linux style for comments is the C89 "/* ... */" style.
Don't use C99-style "// ..." comments.
The preferred style for long (multi-line) comments is:
.. code-block:: c
/*
* This is the preferred style for multi-line
* comments in the Linux kernel source code.
@ -478,6 +544,8 @@ The preferred style for long (multi-line) comments is:
For files in net/ and drivers/net/ the preferred style for long (multi-line)
comments is a little different.
.. code-block:: c
/* The preferred comment style for files in net/ and drivers/net
* looks like this.
*
@ -491,10 +559,11 @@ multiple data declarations). This leaves you room for a small comment on each
item, explaining its use.
Chapter 9: You've made a mess of it
9) You've made a mess of it
---------------------------
That's OK, we all do. You've probably been told by your long-time Unix
user helper that "GNU emacs" automatically formats the C sources for
user helper that ``GNU emacs`` automatically formats the C sources for
you, and you've noticed that yes, it does do that, but the defaults it
uses are less than desirable (in fact, they are worse than random
typing - an infinite number of monkeys typing into GNU emacs would never
@ -503,63 +572,66 @@ make a good program).
So, you can either get rid of GNU emacs, or change it to use saner
values. To do the latter, you can stick the following in your .emacs file:
(defun c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only (ignored)
"Line up argument lists by tabs, not spaces"
(let* ((anchor (c-langelem-pos c-syntactic-element))
(column (c-langelem-2nd-pos c-syntactic-element))
(offset (- (1+ column) anchor))
(steps (floor offset c-basic-offset)))
(* (max steps 1)
c-basic-offset)))
.. code-block:: none
(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook
(lambda ()
;; Add kernel style
(c-add-style
"linux-tabs-only"
'("linux" (c-offsets-alist
(arglist-cont-nonempty
c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg
c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only))))))
(defun c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only (ignored)
"Line up argument lists by tabs, not spaces"
(let* ((anchor (c-langelem-pos c-syntactic-element))
(column (c-langelem-2nd-pos c-syntactic-element))
(offset (- (1+ column) anchor))
(steps (floor offset c-basic-offset)))
(* (max steps 1)
c-basic-offset)))
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(let ((filename (buffer-file-name)))
;; Enable kernel mode for the appropriate files
(when (and filename
(string-match (expand-file-name "~/src/linux-trees")
filename))
(setq indent-tabs-mode t)
(setq show-trailing-whitespace t)
(c-set-style "linux-tabs-only")))))
(add-hook 'c-mode-common-hook
(lambda ()
;; Add kernel style
(c-add-style
"linux-tabs-only"
'("linux" (c-offsets-alist
(arglist-cont-nonempty
c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg
c-lineup-arglist-tabs-only))))))
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(let ((filename (buffer-file-name)))
;; Enable kernel mode for the appropriate files
(when (and filename
(string-match (expand-file-name "~/src/linux-trees")
filename))
(setq indent-tabs-mode t)
(setq show-trailing-whitespace t)
(c-set-style "linux-tabs-only")))))
This will make emacs go better with the kernel coding style for C
files below ~/src/linux-trees.
files below ``~/src/linux-trees``.
But even if you fail in getting emacs to do sane formatting, not
everything is lost: use "indent".
everything is lost: use ``indent``.
Now, again, GNU indent has the same brain-dead settings that GNU emacs
has, which is why you need to give it a few command line options.
However, that's not too bad, because even the makers of GNU indent
recognize the authority of K&R (the GNU people aren't evil, they are
just severely misguided in this matter), so you just give indent the
options "-kr -i8" (stands for "K&R, 8 character indents"), or use
"scripts/Lindent", which indents in the latest style.
options ``-kr -i8`` (stands for ``K&R, 8 character indents``), or use
``scripts/Lindent``, which indents in the latest style.
"indent" has a lot of options, and especially when it comes to comment
``indent`` has a lot of options, and especially when it comes to comment
re-formatting you may want to take a look at the man page. But
remember: "indent" is not a fix for bad programming.
remember: ``indent`` is not a fix for bad programming.
Chapter 10: Kconfig configuration files
10) Kconfig configuration files
-------------------------------
For all of the Kconfig* configuration files throughout the source tree,
the indentation is somewhat different. Lines under a "config" definition
the indentation is somewhat different. Lines under a ``config`` definition
are indented with one tab, while help text is indented an additional two
spaces. Example:
spaces. Example::
config AUDIT
config AUDIT
bool "Auditing support"
depends on NET
help
@ -569,9 +641,9 @@ config AUDIT
auditing without CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL.
Seriously dangerous features (such as write support for certain
filesystems) should advertise this prominently in their prompt string:
filesystems) should advertise this prominently in their prompt string::
config ADFS_FS_RW
config ADFS_FS_RW
bool "ADFS write support (DANGEROUS)"
depends on ADFS_FS
...
@ -580,41 +652,45 @@ For full documentation on the configuration files, see the file
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
Chapter 11: Data structures
11) Data structures
-------------------
Data structures that have visibility outside the single-threaded
environment they are created and destroyed in should always have
reference counts. In the kernel, garbage collection doesn't exist (and
outside the kernel garbage collection is slow and inefficient), which
means that you absolutely _have_ to reference count all your uses.
means that you absolutely **have** to reference count all your uses.
Reference counting means that you can avoid locking, and allows multiple
users to have access to the data structure in parallel - and not having
to worry about the structure suddenly going away from under them just
because they slept or did something else for a while.
Note that locking is _not_ a replacement for reference counting.
Note that locking is **not** a replacement for reference counting.
Locking is used to keep data structures coherent, while reference
counting is a memory management technique. Usually both are needed, and
they are not to be confused with each other.
Many data structures can indeed have two levels of reference counting,
when there are users of different "classes". The subclass count counts
when there are users of different ``classes``. The subclass count counts
the number of subclass users, and decrements the global count just once
when the subclass count goes to zero.
Examples of this kind of "multi-level-reference-counting" can be found in
memory management ("struct mm_struct": mm_users and mm_count), and in
filesystem code ("struct super_block": s_count and s_active).
Examples of this kind of ``multi-level-reference-counting`` can be found in
memory management (``struct mm_struct``: mm_users and mm_count), and in
filesystem code (``struct super_block``: s_count and s_active).
Remember: if another thread can find your data structure, and you don't
have a reference count on it, you almost certainly have a bug.
Chapter 12: Macros, Enums and RTL
12) Macros, Enums and RTL
-------------------------
Names of macros defining constants and labels in enums are capitalized.
.. code-block:: c
#define CONSTANT 0x12345
Enums are preferred when defining several related constants.
@ -626,7 +702,9 @@ Generally, inline functions are preferable to macros resembling functions.
Macros with multiple statements should be enclosed in a do - while block:
#define macrofun(a, b, c) \
.. code-block:: c
#define macrofun(a, b, c) \
do { \
if (a == 5) \
do_this(b, c); \
@ -636,17 +714,21 @@ Things to avoid when using macros:
1) macros that affect control flow:
.. code-block:: c
#define FOO(x) \
do { \
if (blah(x) < 0) \
return -EBUGGERED; \
} while (0)
is a _very_ bad idea. It looks like a function call but exits the "calling"
is a **very** bad idea. It looks like a function call but exits the ``calling``
function; don't break the internal parsers of those who will read the code.
2) macros that depend on having a local variable with a magic name:
.. code-block:: c
#define FOO(val) bar(index, val)
might look like a good thing, but it's confusing as hell when one reads the
@ -659,18 +741,22 @@ bite you if somebody e.g. turns FOO into an inline function.
must enclose the expression in parentheses. Beware of similar issues with
macros using parameters.
.. code-block:: c
#define CONSTANT 0x4000
#define CONSTEXP (CONSTANT | 3)
5) namespace collisions when defining local variables in macros resembling
functions:
#define FOO(x) \
({ \
typeof(x) ret; \
ret = calc_ret(x); \
(ret); \
})
.. code-block:: c
#define FOO(x) \
({ \
typeof(x) ret; \
ret = calc_ret(x); \
(ret); \
})
ret is a common name for a local variable - __foo_ret is less likely
to collide with an existing variable.
@ -679,11 +765,12 @@ The cpp manual deals with macros exhaustively. The gcc internals manual also
covers RTL which is used frequently with assembly language in the kernel.
Chapter 13: Printing kernel messages
13) Printing kernel messages
----------------------------
Kernel developers like to be seen as literate. Do mind the spelling
of kernel messages to make a good impression. Do not use crippled
words like "dont"; use "do not" or "don't" instead. Make the messages
words like ``dont``; use ``do not`` or ``don't`` instead. Make the messages
concise, clear, and unambiguous.
Kernel messages do not have to be terminated with a period.
@ -713,7 +800,8 @@ already inside a debug-related #ifdef section, printk(KERN_DEBUG ...) can be
used.
Chapter 14: Allocating memory
14) Allocating memory
---------------------
The kernel provides the following general purpose memory allocators:
kmalloc(), kzalloc(), kmalloc_array(), kcalloc(), vmalloc(), and
@ -722,6 +810,8 @@ about them.
The preferred form for passing a size of a struct is the following:
.. code-block:: c
p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), ...);
The alternative form where struct name is spelled out hurts readability and
@ -734,20 +824,25 @@ language.
The preferred form for allocating an array is the following:
.. code-block:: c
p = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(...), ...);
The preferred form for allocating a zeroed array is the following:
.. code-block:: c
p = kcalloc(n, sizeof(...), ...);
Both forms check for overflow on the allocation size n * sizeof(...),
and return NULL if that occurred.
Chapter 15: The inline disease
15) The inline disease
----------------------
There appears to be a common misperception that gcc has a magic "make me
faster" speedup option called "inline". While the use of inlines can be
faster" speedup option called ``inline``. While the use of inlines can be
appropriate (for example as a means of replacing macros, see Chapter 12), it
very often is not. Abundant use of the inline keyword leads to a much bigger
kernel, which in turn slows the system as a whole down, due to a bigger
@ -771,26 +866,27 @@ appears outweighs the potential value of the hint that tells gcc to do
something it would have done anyway.
Chapter 16: Function return values and names
16) Function return values and names
------------------------------------
Functions can return values of many different kinds, and one of the
most common is a value indicating whether the function succeeded or
failed. Such a value can be represented as an error-code integer
(-Exxx = failure, 0 = success) or a "succeeded" boolean (0 = failure,
(-Exxx = failure, 0 = success) or a ``succeeded`` boolean (0 = failure,
non-zero = success).
Mixing up these two sorts of representations is a fertile source of
difficult-to-find bugs. If the C language included a strong distinction
between integers and booleans then the compiler would find these mistakes
for us... but it doesn't. To help prevent such bugs, always follow this
convention:
convention::
If the name of a function is an action or an imperative command,
the function should return an error-code integer. If the name
is a predicate, the function should return a "succeeded" boolean.
For example, "add work" is a command, and the add_work() function returns 0
for success or -EBUSY for failure. In the same way, "PCI device present" is
For example, ``add work`` is a command, and the add_work() function returns 0
for success or -EBUSY for failure. In the same way, ``PCI device present`` is
a predicate, and the pci_dev_present() function returns 1 if it succeeds in
finding a matching device or 0 if it doesn't.
@ -805,17 +901,22 @@ result. Typical examples would be functions that return pointers; they use
NULL or the ERR_PTR mechanism to report failure.
Chapter 17: Don't re-invent the kernel macros
17) Don't re-invent the kernel macros
-------------------------------------
The header file include/linux/kernel.h contains a number of macros that
you should use, rather than explicitly coding some variant of them yourself.
For example, if you need to calculate the length of an array, take advantage
of the macro
.. code-block:: c
#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
Similarly, if you need to calculate the size of some structure member, use
.. code-block:: c
#define FIELD_SIZEOF(t, f) (sizeof(((t*)0)->f))
There are also min() and max() macros that do strict type checking if you
@ -823,16 +924,21 @@ need them. Feel free to peruse that header file to see what else is already
defined that you shouldn't reproduce in your code.
Chapter 18: Editor modelines and other cruft
18) Editor modelines and other cruft
------------------------------------
Some editors can interpret configuration information embedded in source files,
indicated with special markers. For example, emacs interprets lines marked
like this:
.. code-block:: c
-*- mode: c -*-
Or like this:
.. code-block:: c
/*
Local Variables:
compile-command: "gcc -DMAGIC_DEBUG_FLAG foo.c"
@ -841,6 +947,8 @@ Or like this:
Vim interprets markers that look like this:
.. code-block:: c
/* vim:set sw=8 noet */
Do not include any of these in source files. People have their own personal
@ -850,7 +958,8 @@ own custom mode, or may have some other magic method for making indentation
work correctly.
Chapter 19: Inline assembly
19) Inline assembly
-------------------
In architecture-specific code, you may need to use inline assembly to interface
with CPU or platform functionality. Don't hesitate to do so when necessary.
@ -863,7 +972,7 @@ that inline assembly can use C parameters.
Large, non-trivial assembly functions should go in .S files, with corresponding
C prototypes defined in C header files. The C prototypes for assembly
functions should use "asmlinkage".
functions should use ``asmlinkage``.
You may need to mark your asm statement as volatile, to prevent GCC from
removing it if GCC doesn't notice any side effects. You don't always need to
@ -874,12 +983,15 @@ instructions, put each instruction on a separate line in a separate quoted
string, and end each string except the last with \n\t to properly indent the
next instruction in the assembly output:
.. code-block:: c
asm ("magic %reg1, #42\n\t"
"more_magic %reg2, %reg3"
: /* outputs */ : /* inputs */ : /* clobbers */);
Chapter 20: Conditional Compilation
20) Conditional Compilation
---------------------------
Wherever possible, don't use preprocessor conditionals (#if, #ifdef) in .c
files; doing so makes code harder to read and logic harder to follow. Instead,
@ -903,6 +1015,8 @@ unused, delete it.)
Within code, where possible, use the IS_ENABLED macro to convert a Kconfig
symbol into a C boolean expression, and use it in a normal C conditional:
.. code-block:: c
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SOMETHING)) {
...
}
@ -918,12 +1032,15 @@ At the end of any non-trivial #if or #ifdef block (more than a few lines),
place a comment after the #endif on the same line, noting the conditional
expression used. For instance:
.. code-block:: c
#ifdef CONFIG_SOMETHING
...
#endif /* CONFIG_SOMETHING */
Appendix I: References
Appendix I) References
----------------------
The C Programming Language, Second Edition
by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie.
@ -943,4 +1060,3 @@ language C, URL: http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG14/
Kernel CodingStyle, by greg@kroah.com at OLS 2002:
http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2002_kernel_codingstyle_talk/html/

8
Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt
View File

@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ to use the dma_sync_*() interfaces.
dma_addr_t mapping;
mapping = dma_map_single(cp->dev, buffer, len, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
if (dma_mapping_error(cp->dev, dma_handle)) {
if (dma_mapping_error(cp->dev, mapping)) {
/*
* reduce current DMA mapping usage,
* delay and try again later or
@ -931,10 +931,8 @@ to "Closing".
1) Struct scatterlist requirements.
Don't invent the architecture specific struct scatterlist; just use
<asm-generic/scatterlist.h>. You need to enable
CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH if the architecture supports IOMMUs
(including software IOMMU).
You need to enable CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH if the architecture
supports IOMMUs (including software IOMMU).
2) ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN

55
Documentation/DMA-API.txt
View File

@ -277,14 +277,26 @@ and <size> parameters are provided to do partial page mapping, it is
recommended that you never use these unless you really know what the
cache width is.
dma_addr_t
dma_map_resource(struct device *dev, phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs)
void
dma_unmap_resource(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir, unsigned long attrs)
API for mapping and unmapping for MMIO resources. All the notes and
warnings for the other mapping APIs apply here. The API should only be
used to map device MMIO resources, mapping of RAM is not permitted.
int
dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr)
In some circumstances dma_map_single() and dma_map_page() will fail to create
a mapping. A driver can check for these errors by testing the returned
DMA address with dma_mapping_error(). A non-zero return value means the mapping
could not be created and the driver should take appropriate action (e.g.
reduce current DMA mapping usage or delay and try again later).
In some circumstances dma_map_single(), dma_map_page() and dma_map_resource()
will fail to create a mapping. A driver can check for these errors by testing
the returned DMA address with dma_mapping_error(). A non-zero return value
means the mapping could not be created and the driver should take appropriate
action (e.g. reduce current DMA mapping usage or delay and try again later).
int
dma_map_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
@ -369,35 +381,32 @@ See also dma_map_single().
dma_addr_t
dma_map_single_attrs(struct device *dev, void *cpu_addr, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
void
dma_unmap_single_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
int
dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
void
dma_unmap_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sgl,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
The four functions above are just like the counterpart functions
without the _attrs suffixes, except that they pass an optional
struct dma_attrs*.
struct dma_attrs encapsulates a set of "DMA attributes". For the
definition of struct dma_attrs see linux/dma-attrs.h.
dma_attrs.
The interpretation of DMA attributes is architecture-specific, and
each attribute should be documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt.
If struct dma_attrs* is NULL, the semantics of each of these
functions is identical to those of the corresponding function
If dma_attrs are 0, the semantics of each of these functions
is identical to those of the corresponding function
without the _attrs suffix. As a result dma_map_single_attrs()
can generally replace dma_map_single(), etc.
@ -405,15 +414,15 @@ As an example of the use of the *_attrs functions, here's how
you could pass an attribute DMA_ATTR_FOO when mapping memory
for DMA:
#include <linux/dma-attrs.h>
/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-attrs.h and
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
/* DMA_ATTR_FOO should be defined in linux/dma-mapping.h and
* documented in Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt */
...
DEFINE_DMA_ATTRS(attrs);
dma_set_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, &attrs);
unsigned long attr;
attr |= DMA_ATTR_FOO;
....
n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, &attr);
n = dma_map_sg_attrs(dev, sg, nents, DMA_TO_DEVICE, attr);
....
Architectures that care about DMA_ATTR_FOO would check for its
@ -422,12 +431,10 @@ routines, e.g.:
void whizco_dma_map_sg_attrs(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir,
struct dma_attrs *attrs)
unsigned long attrs)
{
....
int foo = dma_get_attr(DMA_ATTR_FOO, attrs);
....
if (foo)
if (attrs & DMA_ATTR_FOO)
/* twizzle the frobnozzle */
....

19
Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt
View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
==============
This document describes the semantics of the DMA attributes that are
defined in linux/dma-attrs.h.
defined in linux/dma-mapping.h.
DMA_ATTR_WRITE_BARRIER
----------------------
@ -126,3 +126,20 @@ means that we won't try quite as hard to get them.
NOTE: At the moment DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_SINGLE_PAGES is only implemented on ARM,
though ARM64 patches will likely be posted soon.
DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN
----------------
This tells the DMA-mapping subsystem to suppress allocation failure reports
(similarly to __GFP_NOWARN).
On some architectures allocation failures are reported with error messages
to the system logs. Although this can help to identify and debug problems,
drivers which handle failures (eg, retry later) have no problems with them,
and can actually flood the system logs with error messages that aren't any
problem at all, depending on the implementation of the retry mechanism.
So, this provides a way for drivers to avoid those error messages on calls
where allocation failures are not a problem, and shouldn't bother the logs.
NOTE: At the moment DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN is only implemented on PowerPC.

583
Documentation/DocBook/80211.tmpl
View File

@ -1,583 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE set PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<set>
<setinfo>
<title>The 802.11 subsystems &ndash; for kernel developers</title>
<subtitle>
Explaining wireless 802.11 networking in the Linux kernel
</subtitle>
<copyright>
<year>2007-2009</year>
<holder>Johannes Berg</holder>
</copyright>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Johannes</firstname>
<surname>Berg</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>johannes@sipsolutions.net</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
<para>
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
<abstract>
<para>
These books attempt to give a description of the
various subsystems that play a role in 802.11 wireless
networking in Linux. Since these books are for kernel
developers they attempts to document the structures
and functions used in the kernel as well as giving a
higher-level overview.
</para>
<para>
The reader is expected to be familiar with the 802.11
standard as published by the IEEE in 802.11-2007 (or
possibly later versions). References to this standard
will be given as "802.11-2007 8.1.5".
</para>
</abstract>
</setinfo>
<book id="cfg80211-developers-guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>The cfg80211 subsystem</title>
<abstract>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Introduction
</abstract>
</bookinfo>
<chapter>
<title>Device registration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Device registration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_sta_ht_cap
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_supported_band
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_signal_type
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_params_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wireless_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_new
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_register
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_unregister
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_free
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_name
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_priv
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h priv_to_wiphy
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h set_wiphy_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wdev_priv
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_iface_limit
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_iface_combination
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_check_combinations
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Actions and configuration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Actions and configuration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ops
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h vif_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h key_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_beacon_data
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ap_settings
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_parameters
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h monitor_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h bss_parameters
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_txq_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_crypto_settings
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_deauth_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disassoc_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_pmksa
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mlme_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_timeout
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_assoc_resp
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_timeout
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_tx_mlme_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_joined
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_result
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_roamed
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disconnected
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ready_on_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_remain_on_channel_expired
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_new_sta
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_rssi_notify
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_pktloss_notify
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_michael_mic_failure
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Scanning and BSS list handling</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Scanning and BSS list handling
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ssid
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_done
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss_frame_data
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss_data
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_unlink_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_find_ie
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_bss_get_ie
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Utility functions</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Utility functions
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_to_frequency
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_frequency_to_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_response_rate
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_hdrlen
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_radiotap_iterator
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Data path helpers</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Data path helpers
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_to_8023
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_from_8023
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_classify8021d
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Regulatory enforcement infrastructure</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Regulatory enforcement infrastructure
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h regulatory_hint
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_apply_custom_regulatory
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h freq_reg_info
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>RFkill integration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h RFkill integration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_set_hw_state
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_start_polling
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_stop_polling
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Test mode</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Test mode
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_reply_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_reply
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_event_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_event
</chapter>
</book>
<book id="mac80211-developers-guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>The mac80211 subsystem</title>
<abstract>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Introduction
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Warning
</abstract>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<!--
Generally, this document shall be ordered by increasing complexity.
It is important to note that readers should be able to read only
the first few sections to get a working driver and only advanced
usage should require reading the full document.
-->
<part>
<title>The basic mac80211 driver interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>
You should read and understand the information contained
within this part of the book while implementing a driver.
In some chapters, advanced usage is noted, that may be
skipped at first.
</para>
<para>
This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode
functionality, additional information required to implement
the other modes is covered in the second part of the book.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="basics">
<title>Basic hardware handling</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw
struct allocated and registered with mac80211.
</para>
<para>
Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering
a hw struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting
up the rate/mode structs.
</para>
<para>
Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and
the general programming model should be in here, including
the definition of ieee80211_ops which will be referred to
a lot.
</para>
<para>
Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done
with references to other parts of the book.
</para>
<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_DEV
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ops
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_alloc_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_register_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_unregister_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_free_hw
</chapter>
<chapter id="phy-handling">
<title>PHY configuration</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter should describe PHY handling including
start/stop callbacks and the various structures used.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf_flags
</chapter>
<chapter id="iface-handling">
<title>Virtual interfaces</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter should describe virtual interface basics
that are relevant to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.)
It should explain the use of the add_iface/remove_iface
callbacks as well as the interface configuration callbacks.
</para>
<para>Things related to AP mode should be discussed there.</para>
<para>
Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be
in the appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about
this though and the recommendation to allow only a single
interface in STA mode at first!
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_vif
</chapter>
<chapter id="rx-tx">
<title>Receive and transmit processing</title>
<sect1>
<title>what should be here</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This should describe the receive and transmit
paths in mac80211/the drivers as well as
transmit status handling.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Frame format</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame format
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Packet alignment</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/rx.c Packet alignment
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Calling into mac80211 from interrupts</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Calling mac80211 from interrupts
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>functions/definitions</title>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_info_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_control_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rate_control_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info_clear_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_stopped
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="filters">
<title>Frame filtering</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame filtering
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_filter_flags
</chapter>
<chapter id="workqueue">
<title>The mac80211 workqueue</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211 workqueue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_work
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_delayed_work
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="advanced">
<title>Advanced driver interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>
Information contained within this part of the book is
of interest only for advanced interaction of mac80211
with drivers to exploit more hardware capabilities and
improve performance.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="led-support">
<title>LED support</title>
<para>
Mac80211 supports various ways of blinking LEDs. Wherever possible,
device LEDs should be exposed as LED class devices and hooked up to
the appropriate trigger, which will then be triggered appropriately
by mac80211.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tx_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_rx_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_radio_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_blink
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_led_trigger_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_create_tpt_led_trigger
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardware-crypto-offload">
<title>Hardware crypto acceleration</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Hardware crypto acceleration
<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h set_key_cmd
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_conf
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k_iv
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p2k
</chapter>
<chapter id="powersave">
<title>Powersave support</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Powersave support
</chapter>
<chapter id="beacon-filter">
<title>Beacon filter support</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Beacon filter support
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_loss
</chapter>
<chapter id="qos">
<title>Multiple queues and QoS support</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params
</chapter>
<chapter id="AP">
<title>Access point mode support</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead</para>
<para>
Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or
in the hw crypto chapter.
</para>
<section id="ps-client">
<title>support for powersaving clients</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h AP support for powersaving clients
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_buffered_bc
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_eosp
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_frame_release_type
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_set_buffered
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_block_awake
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="multi-iface">
<title>Supporting multiple virtual interfaces</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK
</para>
<para>
Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with
different MAC addresses here, note which configurations are
supported by mac80211, add notes about supporting hw crypto
with it.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces_atomic
</chapter>
<chapter id="station-handling">
<title>Station handling</title>
<para>TODO</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h sta_notify_cmd
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta_by_ifaddr
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardware-scan-offload">
<title>Hardware scan offload</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_scan_completed
</chapter>
<chapter id="aggregation">
<title>Aggregation</title>
<sect1>
<title>TX A-MPDU aggregation</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c TX A-MPDU aggregation
!Cnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>RX A-MPDU aggregation</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c RX A-MPDU aggregation
!Cnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ampdu_mlme_action
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="smps">
<title>Spatial Multiplexing Powersave (SMPS)</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Spatial multiplexing power save
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_request_smps
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_smps_mode
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="rate-control">
<title>Rate control interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm
interface and how it relates to mac80211 and drivers.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="ratecontrol-api">
<title>Rate Control API</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_session
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_session
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rate_control_changed
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate_control
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h rate_control_send_low
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="internal">
<title>Internals</title>
<partintro>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This part of the book describes mac80211 internals.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="key-handling">
<title>Key handling</title>
<sect1>
<title>Key handling basics</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/key.c Key handling basics
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>MORE TBD</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="rx-processing">
<title>Receive processing</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="tx-processing">
<title>Transmit processing</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="sta-info">
<title>Station info handling</title>
<sect1>
<title>Programming information</title>
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_info
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h ieee80211_sta_info_flags
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>STA information lifetime rules</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/sta_info.c STA information lifetime rules
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="aggregation-internals">
<title>Aggregation</title>
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_ampdu_mlme
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_tx
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_rx
</chapter>
<chapter id="synchronisation">
<title>Synchronisation</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>Locking, lots of RCU</para>
</chapter>
</part>
</book>
</set>

41
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile
View File

@ -6,18 +6,30 @@
# To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the
# list of DOCBOOKS.
DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml device-drivers.xml \
DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml \
kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \
gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
tracepoint.xml gpu.xml media_api.xml w1.xml \
tracepoint.xml w1.xml \
writing_musb_glue_layer.xml crypto-API.xml iio.xml
include Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
ifeq ($(DOCBOOKS),)
# Skip DocBook build if the user explicitly requested no DOCBOOKS.
.DEFAULT:
@echo " SKIP DocBook $@ target (DOCBOOKS=\"\" specified)."
else
ifneq ($(SPHINXDIRS),)
# Skip DocBook build if the user explicitly requested a sphinx dir
.DEFAULT:
@echo " SKIP DocBook $@ target (SPHINXDIRS specified)."
else
###
# The build process is as follows (targets):
@ -33,10 +45,6 @@ PDF_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
###
# The targets that may be used.
PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs
targets += $(DOCBOOKS)
BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
@ -51,7 +59,6 @@ pdfdocs: $(PDF)
HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
htmldocs: $(HTML)
$(call cmd,build_main_index)
$(call install_media_images)
MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
mandocs: $(MAN)
@ -63,6 +70,10 @@ installmandocs: mandocs
sort -k 2 -k 1 | uniq -f 1 | sed -e 's: :/:' | \
xargs install -m 644 -t /usr/local/man/man9/
# no-op for the DocBook toolchain
epubdocs:
latexdocs:
###
#External programs used
KERNELDOCXMLREF = $(srctree)/scripts/kernel-doc-xml-ref
@ -216,10 +227,13 @@ silent_gen_xml = :
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"; \
echo "</programlisting>") > $@
endif # DOCBOOKS=""
endif # SPHINDIR=...
###
# Help targets as used by the top-level makefile
dochelp:
@echo ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:'
@echo ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats (DocBook):'
@echo ' htmldocs - HTML'
@echo ' pdfdocs - PDF'
@echo ' psdocs - Postscript'
@ -228,8 +242,11 @@ dochelp:
@echo ' installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs'
@echo ' cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files'
@echo
@echo 'make DOCBOOKS="s1.xml s2.xml" [target] Generate only docs s1.xml s2.xml'
@echo ' make DOCBOOKS="s1.xml s2.xml" [target] Generate only docs s1.xml s2.xml'
@echo ' valid values for DOCBOOKS are: $(DOCBOOKS)'
@echo
@echo " make DOCBOOKS=\"\" [target] Don't generate docs from Docbook"
@echo ' This is useful to generate only the ReST docs (Sphinx)'
###
@ -251,7 +268,7 @@ clean-files := $(DOCBOOKS) \
clean-dirs := $(patsubst %.xml,%,$(DOCBOOKS)) man
cleandocs: cleanmediadocs
cleandocs:
$(Q)rm -f $(call objectify, $(clean-files))
$(Q)rm -rf $(call objectify, $(clean-dirs))

42
Documentation/DocBook/crypto-API.tmpl
View File

@ -440,8 +440,8 @@
The type flag specifies the type of the cipher algorithm.
The caller usually provides a 0 when the caller wants the
default handling. Otherwise, the caller may provide the
following selections which match the the aforementioned
cipher types:
following selections which match the aforementioned cipher
types:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
@ -797,7 +797,8 @@ kernel crypto API | Caller
include/linux/crypto.h and their definition can be seen below.
The former function registers a single transformation, while
the latter works on an array of transformation descriptions.
The latter is useful when registering transformations in bulk.
The latter is useful when registering transformations in bulk,
for example when a driver implements multiple transformations.
</para>
<programlisting>
@ -822,18 +823,31 @@ kernel crypto API | Caller
</para>
<para>
The bulk registration / unregistration functions require
that struct crypto_alg is an array of count size. These
functions simply loop over that array and register /
unregister each individual algorithm. If an error occurs,
the loop is terminated at the offending algorithm definition.
That means, the algorithms prior to the offending algorithm
are successfully registered. Note, the caller has no way of
knowing which cipher implementations have successfully
registered. If this is important to know, the caller should
loop through the different implementations using the single
instance *_alg functions for each individual implementation.
The bulk registration/unregistration functions
register/unregister each transformation in the given array of
length count. They handle errors as follows:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
crypto_register_algs() succeeds if and only if it
successfully registers all the given transformations. If an
error occurs partway through, then it rolls back successful
registrations before returning the error code. Note that if
a driver needs to handle registration errors for individual
transformations, then it will need to use the non-bulk
function crypto_register_alg() instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
crypto_unregister_algs() tries to unregister all the given
transformations, continuing on error. It logs errors and
always returns zero.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Single-Block Symmetric Ciphers [CIPHER]</title>

544
Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl
View File

@ -1,544 +0,0 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="LinuxDriversAPI">
<bookinfo>
<title>Linux Device Drivers</title>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="Basics">
<title>Driver Basics</title>
<sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
!Iinclude/linux/init.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
!Iinclude/linux/sched.h
!Ekernel/sched/core.c
!Ikernel/sched/cpupri.c
!Ikernel/sched/fair.c
!Iinclude/linux/completion.h
!Ekernel/time/timer.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Wait queues and Wake events</title>
!Iinclude/linux/wait.h
!Ekernel/sched/wait.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
!Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
!Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
!Ekernel/time/hrtimer.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
!Iinclude/linux/workqueue.h
!Ekernel/workqueue.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
!Ikernel/exit.c
!Ikernel/signal.c
!Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
!Ekernel/kthread.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
<!--
X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
-->
!Elib/kobject.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
!Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
!Ekernel/printk/printk.c
!Ekernel/panic.c
!Ekernel/sys.c
!Ekernel/rcu/srcu.c
!Ekernel/rcu/tree.c
!Ekernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
!Ekernel/rcu/update.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Resource Management</title>
!Edrivers/base/devres.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="devdrivers">
<title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
<sect1><title>The Basic Device Driver-Model Structures </title>
!Iinclude/linux/device.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
!Idrivers/base/init.c
!Edrivers/base/driver.c
!Edrivers/base/core.c
!Edrivers/base/syscore.c
!Edrivers/base/class.c
!Idrivers/base/node.c
!Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
!Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
<!-- Cannot be included, because
attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
-->
!Edrivers/base/dd.c
<!--
X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
-->
!Iinclude/linux/platform_device.h
!Edrivers/base/platform.c
!Edrivers/base/bus.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers DMA Management</title>
!Edrivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
!Edrivers/dma-buf/fence.c
!Edrivers/dma-buf/seqno-fence.c
!Iinclude/linux/fence.h
!Iinclude/linux/seqno-fence.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/reservation.c
!Iinclude/linux/reservation.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/sync_file.c
!Iinclude/linux/sync_file.h
!Edrivers/base/dma-coherent.c
!Edrivers/base/dma-mapping.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
!Edrivers/base/power/main.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
<!-- Internal functions only
X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
-->
!Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
!Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
<!-- No correct structured comments
X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
-->
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
!Idrivers/pnp/core.c
<!-- No correct structured comments
X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
-->
!Edrivers/pnp/card.c
!Idrivers/pnp/driver.c
!Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
!Edrivers/pnp/support.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Userspace IO devices</title>
!Edrivers/uio/uio.c
!Iinclude/linux/uio_driver.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="parportdev">
<title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
!Iinclude/linux/parport.h
!Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
!Edrivers/parport/share.c
!Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="message_devices">
<title>Message-based devices</title>
<sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title>
!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="snddev">
<title>Sound Devices</title>
!Iinclude/sound/core.h
!Esound/sound_core.c
!Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
!Esound/core/pcm.c
!Esound/core/device.c
!Esound/core/info.c
!Esound/core/rawmidi.c
!Esound/core/sound.c
!Esound/core/memory.c
!Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
!Esound/core/init.c
!Esound/core/isadma.c
!Esound/core/control.c
!Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
!Esound/core/hwdep.c
!Esound/core/pcm_native.c
!Esound/core/memalloc.c
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
-->
</chapter>
<chapter id="mediadev">
<title>Media Devices</title>
<sect1><title>Video2Linux devices</title>
!Iinclude/media/tuner.h
!Iinclude/media/tuner-types.h
!Iinclude/media/tveeprom.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-async.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-ctrls.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-dv-timings.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-event.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-flash-led-class.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-mc.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-mediabus.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-mem2mem.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-of.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-rect.h
!Iinclude/media/v4l2-subdev.h
!Iinclude/media/videobuf2-core.h
!Iinclude/media/videobuf2-v4l2.h
!Iinclude/media/videobuf2-memops.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Digital TV (DVB) devices</title>
<sect1><title>Digital TV Common functions</title>
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/dvb_math.h
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/dvb_ringbuffer.h
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/dvbdev.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Digital TV Frontend kABI</title>
!Pdrivers/media/dvb-core/dvb_frontend.h Digital TV Frontend
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/dvb_frontend.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Digital TV Demux kABI</title>
!Pdrivers/media/dvb-core/demux.h Digital TV Demux
<sect1><title>Demux Callback API</title>
!Pdrivers/media/dvb-core/demux.h Demux Callback
</sect1>
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/demux.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Digital TV Conditional Access kABI</title>
!Idrivers/media/dvb-core/dvb_ca_en50221.h
</sect1>
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Remote Controller devices</title>
!Iinclude/media/rc-core.h
!Iinclude/media/lirc_dev.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Media Controller devices</title>
!Pinclude/media/media-device.h Media Controller
!Iinclude/media/media-device.h
!Iinclude/media/media-devnode.h
!Iinclude/media/media-entity.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="uart16x50">
<title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
!Edrivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c
!Edrivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_core.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="fbdev">
<title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
<para>
The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are
fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
The last three can be made available to and from userland.
</para>
<para>
fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
</para>
<para>
fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
depth and the resolution may be defined.
</para>
<para>
The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the
frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
</para>
<para>
The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs
will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
</para>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c
</sect1>
<!--
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
</sect1>
-->
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcmap.c
</sect1>
<!-- FIXME:
drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment
out until somebody adds docs. KAO
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
</sect1>
KAO -->
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
!Idrivers/video/fbdev/core/modedb.c
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/modedb.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/macmodes.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
<para>
Refer to the file lib/fonts/fonts.c for more information.
</para>
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Ilib/fonts/fonts.c
-->
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="input_subsystem">
<title>Input Subsystem</title>
<sect1><title>Input core</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input.h
!Edrivers/input/input.c
!Edrivers/input/ff-core.c
!Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Multitouch Library</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/mt.h
!Edrivers/input/input-mt.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Polled input devices</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input-polldev.h
!Edrivers/input/input-polldev.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Matrix keyboards/keypads</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/matrix_keypad.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Sparse keymap support</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/sparse-keymap.h
!Edrivers/input/sparse-keymap.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="spi">
<title>Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)</title>
<para>
SPI is the "Serial Peripheral Interface", widely used with
embedded systems because it is a simple and efficient
interface: basically a multiplexed shift register.
Its three signal wires hold a clock (SCK, often in the range
of 1-20 MHz), a "Master Out, Slave In" (MOSI) data line, and
a "Master In, Slave Out" (MISO) data line.
SPI is a full duplex protocol; for each bit shifted out the
MOSI line (one per clock) another is shifted in on the MISO line.
Those bits are assembled into words of various sizes on the
way to and from system memory.
An additional chipselect line is usually active-low (nCS);
four signals are normally used for each peripheral, plus
sometimes an interrupt.
</para>
<para>
The SPI bus facilities listed here provide a generalized
interface to declare SPI busses and devices, manage them
according to the standard Linux driver model, and perform
input/output operations.
At this time, only "master" side interfaces are supported,
where Linux talks to SPI peripherals and does not implement
such a peripheral itself.
(Interfaces to support implementing SPI slaves would
necessarily look different.)
</para>
<para>
The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
and two kinds of device.
A "Controller Driver" abstracts the controller hardware, which may
be as simple as a set of GPIO pins or as complex as a pair of FIFOs
connected to dual DMA engines on the other side of the SPI shift
register (maximizing throughput). Such drivers bridge between
whatever bus they sit on (often the platform bus) and SPI, and
expose the SPI side of their device as a
<structname>struct spi_master</structname>.
SPI devices are children of that master, represented as a
<structname>struct spi_device</structname> and manufactured from
<structname>struct spi_board_info</structname> descriptors which
are usually provided by board-specific initialization code.
A <structname>struct spi_driver</structname> is called a
"Protocol Driver", and is bound to a spi_device using normal
driver model calls.
</para>
<para>
The I/O model is a set of queued messages. Protocol drivers
submit one or more <structname>struct spi_message</structname>
objects, which are processed and completed asynchronously.
(There are synchronous wrappers, however.) Messages are
built from one or more <structname>struct spi_transfer</structname>
objects, each of which wraps a full duplex SPI transfer.
A variety of protocol tweaking options are needed, because
different chips adopt very different policies for how they
use the bits transferred with SPI.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/spi/spi.h
!Fdrivers/spi/spi.c spi_register_board_info
!Edrivers/spi/spi.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="i2c">
<title>I<superscript>2</superscript>C and SMBus Subsystem</title>
<para>
I<superscript>2</superscript>C (or without fancy typography, "I2C")
is an acronym for the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is
widely used where low data rate communications suffice.
Since it's also a licensed trademark, some vendors use another
name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for the same bus.
I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data), conserving
board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues.
Most I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up
to 400 kHz; there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet
found wide use.
I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to
arbitrate between masters, as well as to handshake and to
synchronize clocks from slower clients.
</para>
<para>
The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master
side of bus interactions, not the slave side.
The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
and two kinds of device.
An I2C "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds
to a physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and
exposes a <structname>struct i2c_adapter</structname> representing
each I2C bus segment it manages.
On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices represented by a
<structname>struct i2c_client</structname>. Those devices will
be bound to a <structname>struct i2c_driver</structname>,
which should follow the standard Linux driver model.
(At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.)
There are functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at
this writing all such functions are usable only from task context.
</para>
<para>
The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus
systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are
tighter for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages
and idioms. Controllers that support I2C can also support most
SMBus operations, but SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol
options that an I2C controller will.
There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol operations,
either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to
i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/i2c.h
!Fdrivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c i2c_register_board_info
!Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="hsi">
<title>High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI)</title>
<para>
High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI) is a
serial interface mainly used for connecting application
engines (APE) with cellular modem engines (CMT) in cellular
handsets.
HSI provides multiplexing for up to 16 logical channels,
low-latency and full duplex communication.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/hsi/hsi.h
!Edrivers/hsi/hsi.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="pwm">
<title>Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)</title>
<para>
Pulse-width modulation is a modulation technique primarily used to
control power supplied to electrical devices.
</para>
<para>
The PWM framework provides an abstraction for providers and consumers
of PWM signals. A controller that provides one or more PWM signals is
registered as <structname>struct pwm_chip</structname>. Providers are
expected to embed this structure in a driver-specific structure. This
structure contains fields that describe a particular chip.
</para>
<para>
A chip exposes one or more PWM signal sources, each of which exposed
as a <structname>struct pwm_device</structname>. Operations can be
performed on PWM devices to control the period, duty cycle, polarity
and active state of the signal.
</para>
<para>
Note that PWM devices are exclusive resources: they can always only be
used by one consumer at a time.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/pwm.h
!Edrivers/pwm/core.c
</chapter>
</book>

3540
Documentation/DocBook/gpu.tmpl
View File

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

2
Documentation/DocBook/iio.tmpl
View File

@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
irqreturn_t sensor_iio_pollfunc(int irq, void *p)
{
pf->timestamp = iio_get_time_ns();
pf->timestamp = iio_get_time_ns((struct indio_dev *)p);
return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD;
}

2
Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl
View File

@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ printk(KERN_INFO "my ip: %pI4\n", &amp;ipaddress);
<function>get_user()</function>
/
<function>put_user()</function>
<filename class="headerfile">include/asm/uaccess.h</filename>
<filename class="headerfile">include/linux/uaccess.h</filename>
</title>
<para>

1
Documentation/DocBook/media/.gitignore vendored
View File

@ -1 +0,0 @@
!*.svg

425
Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
View File

@ -1,425 +0,0 @@
###
# Media build rules - Auto-generates media contents/indexes and *.h xml's
#
SHELL=/bin/bash
MEDIA_OBJ_DIR=$(objtree)/Documentation/DocBook/
MEDIA_SRC_DIR=$(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media
MEDIA_TEMP = media-entities.tmpl \
media-indices.tmpl \
videodev2.h.xml \
v4l2.xml \
audio.h.xml \
ca.h.xml \
dmx.h.xml \
frontend.h.xml \
net.h.xml \
video.h.xml \
IMGFILES := $(patsubst %.b64,%, $(notdir $(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/*.b64)))
OBJIMGFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(IMGFILES))
GENFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(MEDIA_TEMP))
PHONY += cleanmediadocs
cleanmediadocs:
-@rm -f `find $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR) -type l` $(GENFILES) $(OBJIMGFILES) 2>/dev/null
$(obj)/media_api.xml: $(GENFILES) FORCE
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.html: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.pdf: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.ps: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
V4L_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)') \
capture.c.xml \
keytable.c.xml \
v4l2grab.c.xml
DVB_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/dvb/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)')
MEDIA_SGMLS = $(addprefix ./,$(V4L_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(DVB_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(MEDIA_TEMP))
FUNCS = \
close \
ioctl \
mmap \
munmap \
open \
poll \
read \
select \
write \
IOCTLS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([A-Z][^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
DEFINES = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+(DTV_[^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
TYPES = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^typedef\s+.*\s+(\S+)\;/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^typedef\s+.*\s+(\S+)\;/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h)
ENUMS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h)
ENUM_DEFS = \
$(shell perl -e 'open IN,"cat @ARGV| cpp -fpreprocessed |"; while (<IN>) { if ($$enum) {print "$$1\n" if (/\s*([A-Z]\S+)\b/); } $$enum = 0 if ($$enum && /^\}/); $$enum = 1 if(/^\s*enum\s/); }; close IN;' \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h \
$(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h)
STRUCTS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s\{]+)\s*/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (!/dtv\_cmds\_h/ && /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/ && !/_old/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h)
ERRORS = \
E2BIG \
EACCES \
EAGAIN \
EBADF \
EBADFD \
EBADR \
EBADRQC \
EBUSY \
ECHILD \
ECONNRESET \
EDEADLK \
EDOM \
EEXIST \
EFAULT \
EFBIG \
EILSEQ \
EINIT \
EINPROGRESS \
EINTR \
EINVAL \
EIO \
EMFILE \
ENFILE \
ENOBUFS \
ENODATA \
ENODEV \
ENOENT \
ENOIOCTLCMD \
ENOMEM \
ENOSPC \
ENOSR \
ENOSYS \
ENOTSUP \
ENOTSUPP \
ENOTTY \
ENXIO \
EOPNOTSUPP \
EOVERFLOW \
EPERM \
EPIPE \
EPROTO \
ERANGE \
EREMOTE \
EREMOTEIO \
ERESTART \
ERESTARTSYS \
ESHUTDOWN \
ESPIPE \
ETIME \
ETIMEDOUT \
EUSERS \
EWOULDBLOCK \
EXDEV \
ESCAPE = \
-e "s/&/\\&amp;/g" \
-e "s/</\\&lt;/g" \
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"
FILENAME = \
-e s,"^[^\/]*/",, \
-e s/"\\.xml"// \
-e s/"\\.tmpl"// \
-e s/\\\./-/g \
-e s/"^func-"// \
-e s/"^pixfmt-"// \
-e s/"^vidioc-"//
# Generate references to these structs in videodev2.h.xml.
DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s/\(enum *\)v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1<link linkend=\"\2\">v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\2<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(\(enum\|struct\) *\)\(v4l2_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)/\1<link linkend=\"\3\">\3<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(V4L2_PIX_FMT_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+v4l2_fourcc\)/<link linkend=\"\1\">\1<\/link>\2/g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s/v4l2\-mpeg\-vbi\-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g"
DVB_DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s,\(struct\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+{\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,\(}\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+_t\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\(DTV_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+[0-9]\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(DTV_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS\|dtv_cmds_h\|__.*_old\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s,\(audio-mixer\|audio-karaoke\|audio-status\|ca-slot-info\|ca-descr-info\|ca-caps\|ca-msg\|ca-descr\|ca-pid\|dmx-filter\|dmx-caps\|video-system\|video-highlight\|video-spu\|video-spu-palette\|video-navi-pack\)-t,\1,g" \
-e "s,DTV-ISDBT-LAYER[A-C],DTV-ISDBT-LAYER,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\([A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+_IO\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\(DTV_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(__.*_OLD\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
-e "s/\(linkend\=\"\)FE_SET_PROPERTY/\1FE_GET_PROPERTY/g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(DTV_ISDBS_TS_ID_LEGACY\|DTV_MAX_COMMAND\|DTV_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
#
# Media targets and dependencies
#
install_media_images = \
$(Q)if [ "x$(findstring media_api.xml,$(DOCBOOKS))" != "x" ]; then \
mkdir -p $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api; \
cp $(OBJIMGFILES) $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/*.svg $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.svg $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api; \
fi
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/%: $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/%.b64
$(Q)base64 -d $< >$@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml: $(OBJIMGFILES)
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/v4l/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/dvb/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/videodev2.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/audio.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/ca.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/dmx.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
r="$$r s/([^\w\-])$$ident([^\w\-])/\1\&$$entity\;\2/g;";\
done; \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/' | \
perl -ne "$$r print $$_;") >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/frontend.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
r="$$r s/([^\w\-])$$ident([^\w\-])/\1\&$$entity\;\2/g;";\
done; \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/' | \
perl -ne "$$r print $$_;") >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/net.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/video.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-entities.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Functions -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(FUNCS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY func-$$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='func-$$entity'><function>$$ident()</function></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Ioctls -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in `echo $(IOCTLS) | sed -e "s,VIDIOC_RESERVED,,"`; do\
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
id=`grep -e "<refname>$$ident" -e "<section id=\"$$ident\"" $$(find $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) -name *.xml -type f)| sed -r s,"^.*/(.*).xml.*","\1",` ; \
if [ "$$id" != "" ]; then echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$id'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; else \
echo "Warning: undocumented ioctl: $$ident. Please document it at the media DocBook!" >&2; \
fi; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Defines -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(DEFINES) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Types -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Enums -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Enum definitions -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUM_DEFS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Structures -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Error Codes -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ERRORS) ; do \
echo "<!ENTITY $$ident \"<errorcode>$$ident</errorcode>" \
"error code\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Subsections -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
entity=`echo "$$file" | sed $(FILENAME) -e s/"^([^-]*)"/sub\1/` ; \
if ! echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '^(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
echo "<!ENTITY sub-$$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Function Reference -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
if echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
entity=`echo "$$file" |sed $(FILENAME)` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
# Jade can auto-generate a list-of-tables, which includes all structs,
# but we only want data types, all types, and sorted please.
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-indices.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<index><title>List of Types</title>") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie><link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -`; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo "</index>") >>$@

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!*.xml

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<title>DVB CA Device</title>
<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/ca?</constant>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
including <constant>linux/dvb/ca.h</constant> in your application.
</para>
<section id="ca_data_types">
<title>CA Data Types</title>
<section id="ca-slot-info">
<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_slot_info {
int num; /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
int type; /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI 1 /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_LINK 2 /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_DESCR 8 /&#x22C6; built-in descrambler &#x22C6;/
#define CA_SC 128 /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
unsigned int flags;
#define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
} ca_slot_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr-info">
<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_info {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
#define CA_ECD 1
#define CA_NDS 2
#define CA_DSS 4
} ca_descr_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-caps">
<title>ca_caps_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_caps {
unsigned int slot_num; /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
} ca_cap_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-msg">
<title>ca_msg_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_msg {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char msg[256];
} ca_msg_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr">
<title>ca_descr_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int parity;
unsigned char cw[8];
} ca_descr_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-pid">
<title>ca-pid</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_pid {
unsigned int pid;
int index; /&#x22C6; -1 == disable&#x22C6;/
} ca_pid_t;
</programlisting>
</section></section>
<section id="ca_function_calls">
<title>CA Function Calls</title>
<section id="ca_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
code will be returned.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINTERNAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Internal error.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="ca_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="CA_RESET"
role="subsection"><title>CA_RESET</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_RESET);
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_RESET for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_CAP"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_CAP</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_CAP,
ca_caps_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_CAP for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_caps_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_SLOT_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_SLOT_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_SLOT_INFO,
ca_slot_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_SLOT_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_slot_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_DESCR_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_DESCR_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_DESCR_INFO,
ca_descr_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_DESCR_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SEND_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SEND_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SEND_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SEND_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_DESCR"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_DESCR</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_DESCR,
ca_descr_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_DESCR for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_PID"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_PID</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_PID,
ca_pid_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_PID for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_pid_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

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@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>m.chehab@samsung.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2009-2015</year>
<holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>2.1.0</revnumber>
<date>2015-05-29</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
DocBook improvements and cleanups, in order to document the
system calls on a more standard way and provide more description
about the current DVB API.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.4</revnumber>
<date>2011-05-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add more information about DVB APIv5, better describing the frontend GET/SET props ioctl's.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.3</revnumber>
<date>2010-07-03</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add some frontend capabilities flags, present on kernel, but missing at the specs.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.2</revnumber>
<date>2009-10-25</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
documents FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE and FE_DISHETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD ioctls.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-16</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2003-07-24</date>
<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
<subtitle>Version 5.10</subtitle>
<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
<chapter id="dvb_introdution">
&sub-intro;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_frontend">
&sub-frontend;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_demux">
&sub-demux;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_ca">
&sub-ca;
</chapter>
<chapter id="net">
&sub-net;
</chapter>
<chapter id="legacy_dvb_apis">
<title>DVB Deprecated APIs</title>
<para>The APIs described here are kept only for historical reasons. There's
just one driver for a very legacy hardware that uses this API. No
modern drivers should use it. Instead, audio and video should be using
the V4L2 and ALSA APIs, and the pipelines should be set using the
Media Controller API</para>
<section id="dvb_video">
&sub-video;
</section>
<section id="dvb_audio">
&sub-audio;
</section>
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_examples">
&sub-examples;
</chapter>
<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->
<appendix id="audio_h">
<title>DVB Audio Header File</title>
&sub-audio-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="ca_h">
<title>DVB Conditional Access Header File</title>
&sub-ca-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="dmx_h">
<title>DVB Demux Header File</title>
&sub-dmx-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="frontend_h">
<title>DVB Frontend Header File</title>
&sub-frontend-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="net_h">
<title>DVB Network Header File</title>
&sub-net-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="video_h">
<title>DVB Video Header File</title>
&sub-video-h;
</appendix>

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<title>Examples</title>
<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
</para>
<para>NOTE: This section is out of date, and the code below won't even
compile. Please refer to the
<ulink url="https://linuxtv.org/docs/libdvbv5/index.html">libdvbv5</ulink>
for updated/recommended examples.
</para>
<section id="tuning">
<title>Tuning</title>
<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
QAM.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
#define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
#define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
/&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
{
int ans;
if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
return -1;
}
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; freq: frequency of transponder &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; diseqc: DiSEqC address of the used LNB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; pol: Polarisation &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; srate: Symbol Rate &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; fec. FEC &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof1: local frequency of lower LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof2: local frequency of upper LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_slof: switch frequency of LNB &#x22C6;/
int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
{
struct secCommand scmd;
struct secCmdSequence scmds;
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
FrontendParameters frp;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
FrontendEvent event;
int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
} else {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
}
frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
scmd.type=0;
scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
(scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
(scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
scmds.numCommands=1;
scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = front;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
== -EOVERFLOW){
perror("qpsk get event");
return -1;
}
printf("Received ");
switch(event.type){
case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
printf("unexpected event\n");
return -1;
case FE_FAILURE_EV:
printf("failure event\n");
return -1;
case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
printf("completion event\n");
}
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_vpid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_apid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = tpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_tpid");
return -1;
}
return has_signal(fds);
}
</programlisting>
<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
necessary.
</para>
</section>
<section id="the_dvr_device">
<title>The DVR device</title>
<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
#define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
#define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
#define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
#define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
int i;
int len;
int written;
uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
uint64_t length;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
int dvr, dvr_out;
/&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DVR DEVICE");
return -1;
}
/&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
printf("finished: ");
printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
length = 0;
/&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
|O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = dvr;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
/&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
if (len &#x003C; 0){
perror("recording");
return -1;
}
if (len &#x003E; 0){
written = 0;
while (written &#x003C; len)
written +=
write (dvr_out,
buf, len);
length += len;
printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
length/1024./1024.);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</section>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</refname>
<refpurpose>Receives reply from a DiSEqC 2.0 command</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_diseqc_slave_reply *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-diseqc-slave-reply;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Receives reply from a DiSEqC 2.0 command.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-diseqc-slave-reply">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_diseqc_slave_reply</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg[4]</entry>
<entry>DiSEqC message (framing, data[3])</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg_len</entry>
<entry>Length of the DiSEqC message. Valid values are 0 to 4,
where 0 means no msg</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>int</entry>
<entry>timeout</entry>
<entry>Return from ioctl after timeout ms with errorcode when no
message was received</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</refname>
<refpurpose>Restores the power to the antenna subsystem, if it was powered
off due to power overload.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>NULL</paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>If the bus has been automatically powered off due to power overload, this ioctl
call restores the power to the bus. The call requires read/write access to the
device. This call has no effect if the device is manually powered off. Not all
DVB adapters support this ioctl.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</refname>
<refpurpose>Sends a 22KHz tone burst for 2x1 mini DiSEqC satellite selection.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd *<parameter>tone</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tone</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-mini-cmd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl is used to set the generation of a 22kHz tone burst for mini
DiSEqC satellite
selection for 2x1 switches.
This call requires read/write permissions.</para>
<para>It provides support for what's specified at
<ulink url="http://www.eutelsat.com/files/contributed/satellites/pdf/Diseqc/associated%20docs/simple_tone_burst_detec.pdf">Digital Satellite Equipment Control
(DiSEqC) - Simple "ToneBurst" Detection Circuit specification.</ulink>
</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-sec-mini-cmd-t">
<title>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-sec-mini-cmd">
<title>enum fe_sec_mini_cmd</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-MINI-A"><constant>SEC_MINI_A</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a mini-DiSEqC 22kHz '0' Tone Burst to
select satellite-A</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-MINI-B"><constant>SEC_MINI_B</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a mini-DiSEqC 22kHz '1' Data Burst to
select satellite-B</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</refname>
<refpurpose>Sends a DiSEqC command</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_diseqc_master_cmd *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-diseqc-master-cmd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Sends a DiSEqC command to the antenna subsystem.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-diseqc-master-cmd">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_diseqc_master_cmd</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg[6]</entry>
<entry>DiSEqC message (framing, address, command, data[3])</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint8_t</entry>
<entry>msg_len</entry>
<entry>Length of the DiSEqC message. Valid values are 3 to 6</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</refname>
<refpurpose>Select output DC level between normal LNBf voltages or higher
LNBf voltages.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>high</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>high</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Valid flags:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>0 - normal 13V and 18V.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>&gt;0 - enables slightly higher voltages instead of
13/18V, in order to compensate for long antenna cables.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Select output DC level between normal LNBf voltages or higher
LNBf voltages between 0 (normal) or a value grater than 0 for higher
voltages.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_GET_INFO">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_GET_INFO</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_GET_INFO</refname>
<refpurpose>Query DVB frontend capabilities and returns information about
the front-end. This call only requires read-only access to the device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_frontend_info *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_GET_INFO</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to struct &dvb-frontend-info;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_GET_INFO</constant> ioctl. It is used to identify
kernel devices compatible with this specification and to obtain
information about driver and hardware capabilities. The ioctl takes a
pointer to dvb_frontend_info which is filled by the driver. When the
driver is not compatible with this specification the ioctl returns an error.
</para>
&return-value-dvb;
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-frontend-info">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_frontend_info</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry>name[128]</entry>
<entry>Name of the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>fe_type_t</entry>
<entry>type</entry>
<entry><emphasis role="bold">DEPRECATED</emphasis>. DVBv3 type. Should not be used on modern programs, as a
frontend may have more than one type. So, the DVBv5 API should
be used instead to enumerate and select the frontend type.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_min</entry>
<entry>Minimal frequency supported by the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_max</entry>
<entry>Maximal frequency supported by the frontend</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_stepsize</entry>
<entry>Frequency step - all frequencies are multiple of this value</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>frequency_tolerance</entry>
<entry>Tolerance of the frequency</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_min</entry>
<entry>Minimal symbol rate (for Cable/Satellite systems), in bauds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_max</entry>
<entry>Maximal symbol rate (for Cable/Satellite systems), in bauds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>symbol_rate_tolerance</entry>
<entry>Maximal symbol rate tolerance, in ppm</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>uint32_t</entry>
<entry>notifier_delay</entry>
<entry><emphasis role="bold">DEPRECATED</emphasis>. Not used by any driver.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry>&fe-caps;</entry>
<entry>caps</entry>
<entry>Capabilities supported by the frontend</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>NOTE: The frequencies are specified in Hz for Terrestrial and Cable
systems. They're specified in kHz for Satellite systems</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-caps-t">
<title>frontend capabilities</title>
<para>Capabilities describe what a frontend can do. Some capabilities are
supported only on some specific frontend types.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-caps">
<title>enum fe_caps</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="FE-IS-STUPID"><constant>FE_IS_STUPID</constant></entry>
<entry>There's something wrong at the frontend, and it can't
report its capabilities</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-INVERSION-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_INVERSION_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend is capable of auto-detecting inversion</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-1-2"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_1_2</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 1/2</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-2-3"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_2_3</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 2/3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-3-4"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_3_4</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 3/4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-4-5"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_4_5</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 4/5</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-5-6"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_5_6</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 5/6</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-6-7"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_6_7</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 6/7</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-7-8"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_7_8</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 7/8</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-8-9"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_8_9</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports FEC 8/9</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-FEC-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_FEC_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect FEC.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QPSK"><constant>FE_CAN_QPSK</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports QPSK modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-16"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_16</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 16-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-32"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_32</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 32-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-64"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_64</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 64-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-128"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_128</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 128-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-256"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_256</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 256-QAM modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-QAM-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_QAM_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-TRANSMISSION-MODE-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_TRANSMISSION_MODE_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the transmission mode</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-BANDWIDTH-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_BANDWIDTH_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the bandwidth</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-GUARD-INTERVAL-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_GUARD_INTERVAL_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect the guard interval</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-HIERARCHY-AUTO"><constant>FE_CAN_HIERARCHY_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can autodetect hierarch</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-8VSB"><constant>FE_CAN_8VSB</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 8-VSB modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-16VSB"><constant>FE_CAN_16VSB</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports 16-VSB modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-HAS-EXTENDED-CAPS"><constant>FE_HAS_EXTENDED_CAPS</constant></entry>
<entry>Currently, unused</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-MULTISTREAM"><constant>FE_CAN_MULTISTREAM</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports multistream filtering</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-TURBO-FEC"><constant>FE_CAN_TURBO_FEC</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports turbo FEC modulation</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-2G-MODULATION"><constant>FE_CAN_2G_MODULATION</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend supports "2nd generation modulation" (DVB-S2/T2)></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-NEEDS-BENDING"><constant>FE_NEEDS_BENDING</constant></entry>
<entry>Not supported anymore, don't use it</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-RECOVER"><constant>FE_CAN_RECOVER</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can recover from a cable unplug automatically</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-CAN-MUTE-TS"><constant>FE_CAN_MUTE_TS</constant></entry>
<entry>The frontend can stop spurious TS data output</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_PROPERTY, FE_GET_PROPERTY</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_PROPERTY</refname>
<refname>FE_GET_PROPERTY</refname>
<refpurpose>FE_SET_PROPERTY sets one or more frontend properties.
FE_GET_PROPERTY returns one or more frontend properties.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dtv_properties *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_PROPERTY, FE_GET_PROPERTY</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dtv-properties;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant> and <constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY</constant>
ioctls. The supported properties and statistics depends on the delivery system
and on the device:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY:</constant></para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>This ioctl is used to set one or more
frontend properties.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This is the basic command to request the frontend to tune into some
frequency and to start decoding the digital TV signal.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This call requires read/write access to the device.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>At return, the values are updated to reflect the
actual parameters used.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY:</constant></para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>This ioctl is used to get properties and
statistics from the frontend.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>No properties are changed, and statistics aren't reset.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>This call only requires read-only access to the device.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_READ_STATUS">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_READ_STATUS</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_READ_STATUS</refname>
<refpurpose>Returns status information about the front-end. This call only
requires read-only access to the device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int *<parameter>status</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_READ_STATUS</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>status</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to a bitmask integer filled with the values defined by
&fe-status;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All DVB frontend devices support the
<constant>FE_READ_STATUS</constant> ioctl. It is used to check about the
locking status of the frontend after being tuned. The ioctl takes a
pointer to an integer where the status will be written.
</para>
<para>NOTE: the size of status is actually sizeof(enum fe_status), with varies
according with the architecture. This needs to be fixed in the future.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-status-t">
<title>int fe_status</title>
<para>The fe_status parameter is used to indicate the current state
and/or state changes of the frontend hardware. It is produced using
the &fe-status; values on a bitmask</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-status">
<title>enum fe_status</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-SIGNAL"><constant>FE_HAS_SIGNAL</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend has found something above the noise level</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-CARRIER"><constant>FE_HAS_CARRIER</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend has found a DVB signal</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-VITERBI"><constant>FE_HAS_VITERBI</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend FEC inner coding (Viterbi, LDPC or other inner code) is stable</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-SYNC"><constant>FE_HAS_SYNC</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Synchronization bytes was found</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-HAS-LOCK"><constant>FE_HAS_LOCK</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The DVB were locked and everything is working</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-TIMEDOUT"><constant>FE_TIMEDOUT</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">no lock within the last about 2 seconds</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="FE-REINIT"><constant>FE_REINIT</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">The frontend was reinitialized, application is
recommended to reset DiSEqC, tone and parameters</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</refname>
<refpurpose>Allow setting tuner mode flags to the frontend.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Valid flags:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>0 - normal tune mode</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>FE_TUNE_MODE_ONESHOT - When set, this flag will
disable any zigzagging or other "normal" tuning behaviour.
Additionally, there will be no automatic monitoring of the
lock status, and hence no frontend events will be
generated. If a frontend device is closed, this flag will
be automatically turned off when the device is reopened
read-write.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Allow setting tuner mode flags to the frontend, between 0 (normal)
or FE_TUNE_MODE_ONESHOT mode</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_TONE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_TONE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_TONE</refname>
<refpurpose>Sets/resets the generation of the continuous 22kHz tone.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_tone_mode *<parameter>tone</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>tone</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-tone-mode;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl is used to set the generation of the continuous 22kHz tone.
This call requires read/write permissions.</para>
<para>Usually, satellite antenna subsystems require that the digital TV
device to send a 22kHz tone in order to select between high/low band on
some dual-band LNBf. It is also used to send signals to DiSEqC equipment,
but this is done using the DiSEqC ioctls.</para>
<para>NOTE: if more than one device is connected to the same antenna,
setting a tone may interfere on other devices, as they may lose
the capability of selecting the band. So, it is recommended that
applications would change to SEC_TONE_OFF when the device is not used.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="fe-sec-tone-mode-t">
<title>enum fe_sec_tone_mode</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-sec-tone-mode">
<title>enum fe_sec_tone_mode</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-TONE-ON"><constant>SEC_TONE_ON</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Sends a 22kHz tone burst to the antenna</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char" id="SEC-TONE-OFF"><constant>SEC_TONE_OFF</constant></entry>
<entry align="char">Don't send a 22kHz tone to the antenna
(except if the FE_DISEQC_* ioctls are called)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<refentry id="FE_SET_VOLTAGE">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl FE_SET_VOLTAGE</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>FE_SET_VOLTAGE</refname>
<refpurpose>Allow setting the DC level sent to the antenna subsystem.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>enum fe_sec_voltage *<parameter>voltage</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_VOLTAGE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>voltage</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &fe-sec-voltage;</para>
<para>Valid values are described at &fe-sec-voltage;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This ioctl allows to set the DC voltage level sent through the antenna
cable to 13V, 18V or off.</para>
<para>Usually, a satellite antenna subsystems require that the digital TV
device to send a DC voltage to feed power to the LNBf. Depending on the
LNBf type, the polarization or the intermediate frequency (IF) of the LNBf
can controlled by the voltage level. Other devices (for example, the ones
that implement DISEqC and multipoint LNBf's don't need to control the
voltage level, provided that either 13V or 18V is sent to power up the
LNBf.</para>
<para>NOTE: if more than one device is connected to the same antenna,
setting a voltage level may interfere on other devices, as they may lose
the capability of setting polarization or IF. So, on those
cases, setting the voltage to SEC_VOLTAGE_OFF while the device is not is
used is recommended.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

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<title>DVB Frontend API</title>
<para>The DVB frontend API was designed to support three types of delivery systems:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Terrestrial systems: DVB-T, DVB-T2, ATSC, ATSC M/H, ISDB-T, DVB-H, DTMB, CMMB</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Cable systems: DVB-C Annex A/C, ClearQAM (DVB-C Annex B), ISDB-C</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Satellite systems: DVB-S, DVB-S2, DVB Turbo, ISDB-S, DSS</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The DVB frontend controls several sub-devices including:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Tuner</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Digital TV demodulator</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Low noise amplifier (LNA)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Satellite Equipment Control (SEC) hardware (only for Satellite).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The frontend can be accessed through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/frontend?</constant>. Data types and
ioctl definitions can be accessed by including
<constant>linux/dvb/frontend.h</constant> in your application.
</para>
<para>NOTE: Transmission via the internet (DVB-IP)
is not yet handled by this API but a future extension is possible.</para>
<para>On Satellite systems, the API support for the Satellite Equipment Control
(SEC) allows to power control and to send/receive signals to control the
antenna subsystem, selecting the polarization and choosing the Intermediate
Frequency IF) of the Low Noise Block Converter Feed Horn (LNBf). It
supports the DiSEqC and V-SEC protocols. The DiSEqC (digital SEC)
specification is available at
<ulink url="http://www.eutelsat.com/satellites/4_5_5.html">Eutelsat</ulink>.</para>
<section id="query-dvb-frontend-info">
<title>Querying frontend information</title>
<para>Usually, the first thing to do when the frontend is opened is to
check the frontend capabilities. This is done using <link linkend="FE_GET_INFO">FE_GET_INFO</link>. This ioctl will enumerate
the DVB API version and other characteristics about the frontend, and
can be opened either in read only or read/write mode.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb-fe-read-status">
<title>Querying frontend status and statistics</title>
<para>Once <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY"><constant>FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link>
is called, the frontend will run a kernel thread that will periodically
check for the tuner lock status and provide statistics about the quality
of the signal.</para>
<para>The information about the frontend tuner locking status can be queried
using <link linkend="FE_READ_STATUS">FE_READ_STATUS</link>.</para>
<para>Signal statistics are provided via <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY"><constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY</constant></link>.
Please note that several statistics require the demodulator to be fully
locked (e. g. with FE_HAS_LOCK bit set). See
<link linkend="frontend-stat-properties">Frontend statistics indicators</link>
for more details.</para>
</section>
&sub-dvbproperty;
<section id="frontend_fcalls">
<title>Frontend Function Calls</title>
<refentry id="frontend_f_open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>DVB frontend open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>fe-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a frontend device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access can either be
<constant>O_RDWR</constant> or <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>.</para>
<para>Multiple opens are allowed with <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>. In this mode, only query and read ioctls are allowed.</para>
<para>Only one open is allowed in <constant>O_RDWR</constant>. In this mode, all ioctls are allowed.</para>
<para>When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag is given, the system calls may return &EAGAIN; when no data is available or when the device driver is temporarily busy.</para>
<para>Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This system call opens a named frontend device (<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/frontend?</constant>)
for subsequent use. Usually the first thing to do after a successful open is to
find out the frontend type with <link linkend="FE_GET_INFO">FE_GET_INFO</link>.</para>
<para>The device can be opened in read-only mode, which only allows monitoring of
device status and statistics, or read/write mode, which allows any kind of use
(e.g. performing tuning operations.)
</para>
<para>In a system with multiple front-ends, it is usually the case that multiple devices
cannot be open in read/write mode simultaneously. As long as a front-end
device is opened in read/write mode, other open() calls in read/write mode will
either fail or block, depending on whether non-blocking or blocking mode was
specified. A front-end device opened in blocking mode can later be put into
non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command of the fcntl
system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux manual
page for fcntl. When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready
for use in the specified mode. This implies that the corresponding hardware is
powered up, and that other front-ends may have been powered down to make
that possible.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>open</function> returns the new file
descriptor. On error -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The caller has no permission to access the
device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The the device driver is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file
exists.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough kernel memory was available to complete the
request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of
files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The limit on the total number of files open on the
system has been reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENODEV</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The device got removed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="frontend_f_close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>DVB frontend close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>fe-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a frontend device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This system call closes a previously opened front-end device. After closing
a front-end device, its corresponding hardware might be powered down
automatically.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>The function returns <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> on
success, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> on failure and the
<varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
&sub-fe-get-info;
&sub-fe-read-status;
&sub-fe-get-property;
&sub-fe-diseqc-reset-overload;
&sub-fe-diseqc-send-master-cmd;
&sub-fe-diseqc-recv-slave-reply;
&sub-fe-diseqc-send-burst;
&sub-fe-set-tone;
&sub-fe-set-voltage;
&sub-fe-enable-high-lnb-voltage;
&sub-fe-set-frontend-tune-mode;
</section>
<section id="frontend_legacy_dvbv3_api">
<title>DVB Frontend legacy API (a. k. a. DVBv3)</title>
<para>The usage of this API is deprecated, as it doesn't support all digital
TV standards, doesn't provide good statistics measurements and provides
incomplete information. This is kept only to support legacy applications.</para>
&sub-frontend_legacy_api;
</section>

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<section id="frontend_legacy_types">
<title>Frontend Legacy Data Types</title>
<section id="fe-type-t">
<title>Frontend type</title>
<para>For historical reasons, frontend types are named by the type of modulation
used in transmission. The fontend types are given by fe_type_t type, defined as:</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-type">
<title>Frontend types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>fe_type</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
<entry><link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> equivalent type</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="FE-QPSK"><constant>FE_QPSK</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-S standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBS</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-QAM"><constant>FE_QAM</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-C annex A standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_A</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-OFDM"><constant>FE_OFDM</constant></entry>
<entry>For DVB-T standard</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_DVBT</constant></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry id="FE-ATSC"><constant>FE_ATSC</constant></entry>
<entry>For ATSC standard (terrestrial) or for DVB-C Annex B (cable) used in US.</entry>
<entry><constant>SYS_ATSC</constant> (terrestrial) or <constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_B</constant> (cable)</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></table>
<para>Newer formats like DVB-S2, ISDB-T, ISDB-S and DVB-T2 are not described at the above, as they're
supported via the new <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_GET_SET_PROPERTY</link> ioctl's, using the <link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> parameter.
</para>
<para>In the old days, &dvb-frontend-info; used to contain
<constant>fe_type_t</constant> field to indicate the delivery systems,
filled with either FE_QPSK, FE_QAM, FE_OFDM or FE_ATSC. While this is
still filled to keep backward compatibility, the usage of this
field is deprecated, as it can report just one delivery system, but some
devices support multiple delivery systems. Please use
<link linkend="DTV-ENUM-DELSYS">DTV_ENUM_DELSYS</link> instead.
</para>
<para>On devices that support multiple delivery systems,
&dvb-frontend-info;::<constant>fe_type_t</constant> is filled with the
currently standard, as selected by the last call to
<link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_SET_PROPERTY</link>
using the &DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM; property.</para>
</section>
<section id="fe-bandwidth-t">
<title>Frontend bandwidth</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-bandwidth">
<title>enum fe_bandwidth</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-AUTO"><constant>BANDWIDTH_AUTO</constant></entry>
<entry>Autodetect bandwidth (if supported)</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-1-712-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_1_712_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>1.712 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-5-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_5_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>5 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-6-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_6_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>6 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-7-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>7 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-8-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_8_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>8 MHz</entry>
</row><row>
<entry id="BANDWIDTH-10-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_10_MHZ</constant></entry>
<entry>10 MHz</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section id="dvb-frontend-parameters">
<title>frontend parameters</title>
<para>The kind of parameters passed to the frontend device for tuning depend on
the kind of hardware you are using.</para>
<para>The struct <constant>dvb_frontend_parameters</constant> uses an
union with specific per-system parameters. However, as newer delivery systems
required more data, the structure size weren't enough to fit, and just
extending its size would break the existing applications. So, those parameters
were replaced by the usage of <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> ioctl's. The
new API is flexible enough to add new parameters to existing delivery systems,
and to add newer delivery systems.</para>
<para>So, newer applications should use <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> instead, in
order to be able to support the newer System Delivery like DVB-S2, DVB-T2,
DVB-C2, ISDB, etc.</para>
<para>All kinds of parameters are combined as an union in the FrontendParameters structure:
<programlisting>
struct dvb_frontend_parameters {
uint32_t frequency; /&#x22C6; (absolute) frequency in Hz for QAM/OFDM &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; intermediate frequency in kHz for QPSK &#x22C6;/
&fe-spectral-inversion-t; inversion;
union {
struct dvb_qpsk_parameters qpsk;
struct dvb_qam_parameters qam;
struct dvb_ofdm_parameters ofdm;
struct dvb_vsb_parameters vsb;
} u;
};
</programlisting></para>
<para>In the case of QPSK frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> field specifies the intermediate
frequency, i.e. the offset which is effectively added to the local oscillator frequency (LOF) of
the LNB. The intermediate frequency has to be specified in units of kHz. For QAM and
OFDM frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> specifies the absolute frequency and is given in Hz.
</para>
<section id="dvb-qpsk-parameters">
<title>QPSK parameters</title>
<para>For satellite QPSK frontends you have to use the <constant>dvb_qpsk_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_qpsk_parameters {
uint32_t symbol_rate; /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; fec_inner; /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-qam-parameters">
<title>QAM parameters</title>
<para>for cable QAM frontend you use the <constant>dvb_qam_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_qam_parameters {
uint32_t symbol_rate; /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; fec_inner; /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
&fe-modulation-t; modulation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-vsb-parameters">
<title>VSB parameters</title>
<para>ATSC frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_vsb_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_vsb_parameters {
&fe-modulation-t; modulation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="dvb-ofdm-parameters">
<title>OFDM parameters</title>
<para>DVB-T frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_ofdm_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_ofdm_parameters {
&fe-bandwidth-t; bandwidth;
&fe-code-rate-t; code_rate_HP; /&#x22C6; high priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
&fe-code-rate-t; code_rate_LP; /&#x22C6; low priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
&fe-modulation-t; constellation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
&fe-transmit-mode-t; transmission_mode;
&fe-guard-interval-t; guard_interval;
&fe-hierarchy-t; hierarchy_information;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="dvb-frontend-event">
<title>frontend events</title>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_frontend_event {
fe_status_t status;
struct dvb_frontend_parameters parameters;
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="frontend_legacy_fcalls">
<title>Frontend Legacy Function Calls</title>
<para>Those functions are defined at DVB version 3. The support is kept in
the kernel due to compatibility issues only. Their usage is strongly
not recommended</para>
<section id="FE_READ_BER">
<title>FE_READ_BER</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the bit error rate for the signal currently
received/demodulated by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to
the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link>,
uint32_t &#x22C6;ber);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ber</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The bit error rate is stored into *ber.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_SNR">
<title>FE_READ_SNR</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal-to-noise ratio for the signal currently received
by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link>, uint16_t
&#x22C6;snr);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint16_t *snr</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The signal-to-noise ratio is stored into *snr.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">
<title>FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal strength value for the signal currently received
by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link>, uint16_t &#x22C6;strength);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link> for this
command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint16_t *strength</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The signal strength value is stored into *strength.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">
<title>FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the number of uncorrected blocks detected by the device
driver during its lifetime. For meaningful measurements, the increment in block
count during a specific time interval should be calculated. For this command,
read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>Note that the counter will wrap to zero after its maximum count has been
reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link>, uint32_t &#x22C6;ublocks);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link> for this
command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ublocks</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>The total number of uncorrected blocks seen by the driver
so far.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="FE_SET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_SET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call starts a tuning operation using specified parameters. The result
of this call will be successful if the parameters were valid and the tuning could
be initiated. The result of the tuning operation in itself, however, will arrive
asynchronously as an event (see documentation for <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> and
FrontendEvent.) If a new <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> operation is initiated before
the previous one was completed, the previous operation will be aborted in favor
of the new one. This command requires read/write access to the device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link>,
struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_parameters
*p</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_GET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_GET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call queries the currently effective frontend parameters. For this
command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_GET_FRONTEND">FE_GET_FRONTEND</link>,
struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_parameters
*p</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_GET_EVENT">
<title>FE_GET_EVENT</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns a frontend event if available. If an event is not
available, the behavior depends on whether the device is in blocking or
non-blocking mode. In the latter case, the call fails immediately with errno
set to EWOULDBLOCK. In the former case, the call blocks until an event
becomes available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>The standard Linux poll() and/or select() system calls can be used with the
device file descriptor to watch for new events. For select(), the file descriptor
should be included in the exceptfds argument, and for poll(), POLLPRI should
be specified as the wake-up condition. Since the event queue allocated is
rather small (room for 8 events), the queue must be serviced regularly to avoid
overflow. If an overflow happens, the oldest event is discarded from the queue,
and an error (EOVERFLOW) occurs the next time the queue is read. After
reporting the error condition in this fashion, subsequent
<link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link>
calls will return events from the queue as usual.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>For the sake of implementation simplicity, this command requires read/write
access to the device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = QPSK_GET_EVENT,
struct dvb_frontend_event &#x22C6;ev);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct
dvb_frontend_event
*ev</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Points to the location where the event,</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>if any, is to be stored.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>There is no event pending, and the device is in
non-blocking mode.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EOVERFLOW</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Overflow in event queue - one or more events were lost.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">
<title>FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>WARNING: This is a very obscure legacy command, used only at stv0299 driver. Should not be used on newer drivers.</para>
<para>It provides a non-standard method for selecting Diseqc voltage on the frontend, for Dish Network legacy switches.</para>
<para>As support for this ioctl were added in 2004, this means that such dishes were already legacy in 2004.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request =
<link linkend="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</link>, unsigned long cmd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>unsigned long cmd</para>
</entry>
<entry align="char">
<para>
sends the specified raw cmd to the dish via DISEqC.
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

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@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
<title>Introduction</title>
<section id="requisites">
<title>What you need to know</title>
<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
</para>
</section>
<section id="history">
<title>History</title>
<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
</para>
<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
available to all Linux developers and published it on
<ulink url="https://linuxtv.org" /> in September 2000.
Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<figure id="stb_components">
<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
following main hardware components: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
switches or dish rotors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
</para>
<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
it also contains data streams with information about the programs
offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
set.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
between those components.</para>
<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
provides conditional access hardware.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb_devices">
<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
application through this device.</para>
<para>All devices can be found in the <constant>/dev</constant>
tree under <constant>/dev/dvb</constant>. The individual devices
are called:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/dvrM</constant>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</constant>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapterN/</constant>&#8221; in the further discussion
of these devices.</para>
<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
</section>
<section id="include_files">
<title>API include files</title>
<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
a partial path like:</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/audio.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/ca.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/net.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/osd.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
additional include file
<constant>linux/dvb/version.h</constant> exists, which defines the
constant <constant>DVB_API_VERSION</constant>. This document
describes <constant>DVB_API_VERSION 5.10</constant>.
</para>
</section>

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@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
<title>DVB Network API</title>
<para>The DVB net device controls the mapping of data packages that are
part of a transport stream to be mapped into a virtual network interface,
visible through the standard Linux network protocol stack.</para>
<para>Currently, two encapsulations are supported:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Encapsulation">
Multi Protocol Encapsulation (MPE)</ulink></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidirectional_Lightweight_Encapsulation">
Ultra Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE)</ulink></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>In order to create the Linux virtual network interfaces, an application
needs to tell to the Kernel what are the PIDs and the encapsulation types
that are present on the transport stream. This is done through
<constant>/dev/dvb/adapter?/net?</constant> device node.
The data will be available via virtual <constant>dvb?_?</constant>
network interfaces, and will be controlled/routed via the standard
ip tools (like ip, route, netstat, ifconfig, etc).</para>
<para> Data types and and ioctl definitions are defined via
<constant>linux/dvb/net.h</constant> header.</para>
<section id="net_fcalls">
<title>DVB net Function Calls</title>
<refentry id="NET_ADD_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_ADD_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_ADD_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Creates a new network interface for a given Packet ID.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_net_if *<parameter>net_if</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-net-if;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_ADD_IF ioctl system call selects the Packet ID (PID) that
contains a TCP/IP traffic, the type of encapsulation to be used (MPE or ULE)
and the interface number for the new interface to be created. When the
system call successfully returns, a new virtual network interface is created.</para>
<para>The &dvb-net-if;::ifnum field will be filled with the number of the
created interface.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="dvb-net-if-t">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_net_if</structname> description</title>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="dvb-net-if">
<title>struct <structname>dvb_net_if</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ID</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry align="char">pid</entry>
<entry align="char">Packet ID (PID) of the MPEG-TS that contains
data</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char">ifnum</entry>
<entry align="char">number of the DVB interface.</entry>
</row><row>
<entry align="char">feedtype</entry>
<entry align="char">Encapsulation type of the feed. It can be:
<constant>DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_MPE</constant> for MPE encoding
or
<constant>DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_ULE</constant> for ULE encoding.
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="NET_REMOVE_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_REMOVE_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_REMOVE_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Removes a network interface.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>ifnum</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>number of the interface to be removed</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_REMOVE_IF ioctl deletes an interface previously created
via &NET-ADD-IF;.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="NET_GET_IF">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl NET_GET_IF</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>NET_GET_IF</refname>
<refpurpose>Read the configuration data of an interface created via
&NET-ADD-IF;.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct dvb_net_if *<parameter>net_if</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fe_fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>FE_SET_TONE</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>net_if</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>pointer to &dvb-net-if;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The NET_GET_IF ioctl uses the interface number given by the
&dvb-net-if;::ifnum field and fills the content of &dvb-net-if; with
the packet ID and encapsulation type used on such interface. If the
interface was not created yet with &NET-ADD-IF;, it will return -1 and
fill the <constant>errno</constant> with <constant>EINVAL</constant>
error code.</para>
&return-value-dvb;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
</section>

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<bibliography>
<title>References</title>
<biblioentry id="cea608">
<abbrev>CEA&nbsp;608-E</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Consumer Electronics Association (<ulink
url="http://www.ce.org">http://www.ce.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>CEA-608-E R-2014 "Line 21 Data Services"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="en300294">
<abbrev>EN&nbsp;300&nbsp;294</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EN 300 294 "625-line television Wide Screen Signalling
(WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300231">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink
url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 231 "Specification of the domestic video
Programme Delivery Control system (PDC)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300706">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 706 "Enhanced Teletext specification"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part1">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-1</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part2">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Video"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu470">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.470</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 "Conventional Television
Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu601">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.601</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5 "Studio Encoding Parameters
of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect
Ratios"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu653">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.653</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.653-3 "Teletext systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu709">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.709</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5 "Parameter values for the
HDTV standards for production and international programme
exchange"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu1119">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.1119</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.1119 "625-line
television Wide Screen Signalling (WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="jfif">
<abbrev>JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Independent JPEG Group (<ulink
url="http://www.ijg.org">http://www.ijg.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG File Interchange Format</title>
<subtitle>Version 1.02</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu-t81">
<abbrev>ITU-T.81</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union
(<ulink url="http://www.itu.int">http://www.itu.int</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Recommendation T.81
"Information Technology &mdash; Digital Compression and Coding of Continous-Tone
Still Images &mdash; Requirements and Guidelines"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="w3c-jpeg-jfif">
<abbrev>W3C JPEG JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>The World Wide Web Consortium (<ulink
url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG">http://www.w3.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG JFIF</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte12m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;12M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 12M-1999 "Television, Audio and Film - Time and
Control Code"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte170m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;170M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 170M-1999 "Television - Composite Analog Video
Signal - NTSC for Studio Applications"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte240m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;240M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 240M-1999 "Television - Signal Parameters -
1125-Line High-Definition Production"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte431">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;RP&nbsp;431-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE RP 431-2:2011 "D-Cinema Quality - Reference Projector and Environment"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte2084">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;ST&nbsp;2084</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE ST 2084:2014 "High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Master Reference Displays"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="srgb">
<abbrev>sRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-1 ed1.0 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="sycc">
<abbrev>sYCC</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-1-am1 ed1.0 "Amendment 1 - Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-1: Colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="xvycc">
<abbrev>xvYCC</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-4 ed1.0 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-4: Colour management - Extended-gamut YCC colour space for video
applications - xvYCC"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="adobergb">
<abbrev>AdobeRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Adobe Systems Incorporated (<ulink url="http://www.adobe.com">http://www.adobe.com</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Adobe&copy; RGB (1998) Color Image Encoding Version 2005-05</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="oprgb">
<abbrev>opRGB</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>IEC 61966-2-5 "Multimedia systems and equipment - Colour measurement
and management - Part 2-5: Colour management - Optional RGB colour space - opRGB"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu2020">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.2020</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 (08/2012) "Parameter values for ultra-high
definition television systems for production and international programme exchange"
</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="tech3213">
<abbrev>EBU&nbsp;Tech&nbsp;3213</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Broadcast Union (<ulink
url="http://www.ebu.ch">http://www.ebu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>E.B.U. Standard for Chromaticity Tolerances for Studio Monitors"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iec62106">
<abbrev>IEC&nbsp;62106</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting
in the frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="nrsc4">
<abbrev>NRSC-4-B</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>National Radio Systems Committee
(<ulink url="http://www.nrscstandards.org">http://www.nrscstandards.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>NRSC-4-B: United States RBDS Standard</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iso12232">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;12232:2006</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Organization for Standardization
(<ulink url="http://www.iso.org">http://www.iso.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Photography &mdash; Digital still cameras &mdash; Determination
of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and
recommended exposure index</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="cea861">
<abbrev>CEA-861-E</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Consumer Electronics Association
(<ulink url="http://www.ce.org">http://www.ce.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesadmt">
<abbrev>VESA&nbsp;DMT</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA and Industry Standards and Guidelines for Computer Display Monitor Timing (DMT)</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesaedid">
<abbrev>EDID</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard</title>
<subtitle>Release A, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdcp">
<abbrev>HDCP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Digital Content Protection LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.digital-cp.com">http://www.digital-cp.com</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System</title>
<subtitle>Revision 1.3</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdmi">
<abbrev>HDMI</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>HDMI Licensing LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.hdmi.org">http://www.hdmi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-Definition Multimedia Interface</title>
<subtitle>Specification Version 1.4a</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="dp">
<abbrev>DP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA DisplayPort Standard</title>
<subtitle>Version 1, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="poynton">
<abbrev>poynton</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Charles Poynton</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Digital Video and HDTV, Algorithms and Interfaces</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="colimg">
<abbrev>colimg</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Erik Reinhard et al.</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Color Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications</title>
</biblioentry>
</bibliography>

659
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/capture.c.xml
View File

@ -1,659 +0,0 @@
<programlisting>
/*
* V4L2 video capture example
*
* This program can be used and distributed without restrictions.
*
* This program is provided with the V4L2 API
* see https://linuxtv.org/docs.php for more information
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;assert.h&gt;
#include &lt;getopt.h&gt; /* getopt_long() */
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt; /* low-level i/o */
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/stat.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/time.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/videodev2.h&gt;
#define CLEAR(x) memset(&amp;(x), 0, sizeof(x))
enum io_method {
IO_METHOD_READ,
IO_METHOD_MMAP,
IO_METHOD_USERPTR,
};
struct buffer {
void *start;
size_t length;
};
static char *dev_name;
static enum io_method io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
static int fd = -1;
struct buffer *buffers;
static unsigned int n_buffers;
static int out_buf;
static int force_format;
static int frame_count = 70;
static void errno_exit(const char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s error %d, %s\n", s, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int xioctl(int fh, int request, void *arg)
{
int r;
do {
r = ioctl(fh, request, arg);
} while (-1 == r &amp;&amp; EINTR == errno);
return r;
}
static void process_image(const void *p, int size)
{
if (out_buf)
fwrite(p, size, 1, stdout);
fflush(stderr);
fprintf(stderr, ".");
fflush(stdout);
}
static int read_frame(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (-1 == read(fd, buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("read");
}
}
process_image(buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
assert(buf.index &lt; n_buffers);
process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (buf.m.userptr == (unsigned long)buffers[i].start
&amp;&amp; buf.length == buffers[i].length)
break;
assert(i &lt; n_buffers);
process_image((void *)buf.m.userptr, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
}
return 1;
}
static void mainloop(void)
{
unsigned int count;
count = frame_count;
while (count-- &gt; 0) {
for (;;) {
fd_set fds;
struct timeval tv;
int r;
FD_ZERO(&amp;fds);
FD_SET(fd, &amp;fds);
/* Timeout. */
tv.tv_sec = 2;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
r = select(fd + 1, &amp;fds, NULL, NULL, &amp;tv);
if (-1 == r) {
if (EINTR == errno)
continue;
errno_exit("select");
}
if (0 == r) {
fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (read_frame())
break;
/* EAGAIN - continue select loop. */
}
}
}
static void stop_capturing(void)
{
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");
break;
}
}
static void start_capturing(void)
{
unsigned int i;
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = i;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
buf.index = i;
buf.m.userptr = (unsigned long)buffers[i].start;
buf.length = buffers[i].length;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
}
}
static void uninit_device(void)
{
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
free(buffers[0].start);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (-1 == munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
errno_exit("munmap");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
free(buffers[i].start);
break;
}
free(buffers);
}
static void init_read(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
buffers = calloc(1, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers[0].length = buffer_size;
buffers[0].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[0].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void init_mmap(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"memory mapping\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
if (req.count &lt; 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; req.count; ++n_buffers) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = n_buffers;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
buffers[n_buffers].start =
mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */,
buf.length,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
fd, buf.m.offset);
if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
errno_exit("mmap");
}
}
static void init_userp(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"user pointer i/o\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
buffers = calloc(4, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; 4; ++n_buffers) {
buffers[n_buffers].length = buffer_size;
buffers[n_buffers].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[n_buffers].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
}
static void init_device(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-capability">v4l2_capability</link> cap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-cropcap">v4l2_cropcap</link> cropcap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-crop">v4l2_crop</link> crop;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> fmt;
unsigned int min;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &amp;cap)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");
}
}
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no video capture device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support read i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
}
/* Select video input, video standard and tune here. */
CLEAR(cropcap);
cropcap.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (0 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, &amp;cropcap)) {
crop.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
crop.c = cropcap.defrect; /* reset to default */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, &amp;crop)) {
switch (errno) {
case EINVAL:
/* Cropping not supported. */
break;
default:
/* Errors ignored. */
break;
}
}
} else {
/* Errors ignored. */
}
CLEAR(fmt);
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (force_format) {
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_S_FMT");
/* Note VIDIOC_S_FMT may change width and height. */
} else {
/* Preserve original settings as set by v4l2-ctl for example */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_G_FMT");
}
/* Buggy driver paranoia. */
min = fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline = min;
min = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage = min;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
init_read(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
init_mmap();
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
init_userp(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
}
}
static void close_device(void)
{
if (-1 == close(fd))
errno_exit("close");
fd = -1;
}
static void open_device(void)
{
struct stat st;
if (-1 == stat(dev_name, &amp;st)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no device\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
if (-1 == fd) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void usage(FILE *fp, int argc, char **argv)
{
fprintf(fp,
"Usage: %s [options]\n\n"
"Version 1.3\n"
"Options:\n"
"-d | --device name Video device name [%s]\n"
"-h | --help Print this message\n"
"-m | --mmap Use memory mapped buffers [default]\n"
"-r | --read Use read() calls\n"
"-u | --userp Use application allocated buffers\n"
"-o | --output Outputs stream to stdout\n"
"-f | --format Force format to 640x480 YUYV\n"
"-c | --count Number of frames to grab [%i]\n"
"",
argv[0], dev_name, frame_count);
}
static const char short_options[] = "d:hmruofc:";
static const struct option
long_options[] = {
{ "device", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
{ "mmap", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
{ "read", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
{ "userp", no_argument, NULL, 'u' },
{ "output", no_argument, NULL, 'o' },
{ "format", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
{ "count", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
dev_name = "/dev/video0";
for (;;) {
int idx;
int c;
c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
short_options, long_options, &amp;idx);
if (-1 == c)
break;
switch (c) {
case 0: /* getopt_long() flag */
break;
case 'd':
dev_name = optarg;
break;
case 'h':
usage(stdout, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'm':
io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
break;
case 'r':
io = IO_METHOD_READ;
break;
case 'u':
io = IO_METHOD_USERPTR;
break;
case 'o':
out_buf++;
break;
case 'f':
force_format++;
break;
case 'c':
errno = 0;
frame_count = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (errno)
errno_exit(optarg);
break;
default:
usage(stderr, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
open_device();
init_device();
start_capturing();
mainloop();
stop_capturing();
uninit_device();
close_device();
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return 0;
}
</programlisting>

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<title>Video Capture Interface</title>
<para>Video capture devices sample an analog video signal and store
the digitized images in memory. Today nearly all devices can capture
at full 25 or 30 frames/second. With this interface applications can
control the capture process and move images from the driver into user
space.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video capture devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video output devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video capture interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="overlay">video overlay</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>) and the <link
linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI capture</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant>) interface. At least one of
the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be supported. Tuners and
audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video capture devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video capture devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The result of a capture operation is determined by
cropping and image format parameters. The former select an area of the
video picture to capture, the latter how images are stored in memory,
&ie; in RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and
height. Together they also define how images are scaled in the
process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
capture devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading Images</title>
<para>A video capture device may support the <link
linkend="rw">read() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

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<title>Codec Interface</title>
<para>A V4L2 codec can compress, decompress, transform, or otherwise
convert video data from one format into another format, in memory. Typically
such devices are memory-to-memory devices (i.e. devices with the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M</constant> or <constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE</constant>
capability set).
</para>
<para>A memory-to-memory video node acts just like a normal video node, but it
supports both output (sending frames from memory to the codec hardware) and
capture (receiving the processed frames from the codec hardware into memory)
stream I/O. An application will have to setup the stream
I/O for both sides and finally call &VIDIOC-STREAMON; for both capture and output
to start the codec.</para>
<para>Video compression codecs use the MPEG controls to setup their codec parameters
(note that the MPEG controls actually support many more codecs than just MPEG).
See <xref linkend="mpeg-controls"></xref>.</para>
<para>Memory-to-memory devices can often be used as a shared resource: you can
open the video node multiple times, each application setting up their own codec properties
that are local to the file handle, and each can use it independently from the others.
The driver will arbitrate access to the codec and reprogram it whenever another file
handler gets access. This is different from the usual video node behavior where the video properties
are global to the device (i.e. changing something through one file handle is visible
through another file handle).</para>

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<title>Effect Devices Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Suspended</title>
<para>This interface has been be suspended from the V4L2 API
implemented in Linux 2.6 until we have more experience with effect
device interfaces.</para>
</note>
<para>A V4L2 video effect device can do image effects, filtering, or
combine two or more images or image streams. For example video
transitions or wipes. Applications send data to be processed and
receive the result data either with &func-read; and &func-write;
functions, or through the streaming I/O mechanism.</para>
<para>[to do]</para>

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<title>Event Interface</title>
<para>The V4L2 event interface provides a means for a user to get
immediately notified on certain conditions taking place on a device.
This might include start of frame or loss of signal events, for
example. Changes in the value or state of a V4L2 control can also be
reported through events.
</para>
<para>To receive events, the events the user is interested in first must
be subscribed using the &VIDIOC-SUBSCRIBE-EVENT; ioctl. Once an event is
subscribed, the events of subscribed types are dequeueable using the
&VIDIOC-DQEVENT; ioctl. Events may be unsubscribed using
VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT ioctl. The special event type V4L2_EVENT_ALL may
be used to unsubscribe all the events the driver supports.</para>
<para>The event subscriptions and event queues are specific to file
handles. Subscribing an event on one file handle does not affect
other file handles.</para>
<para>The information on dequeueable events is obtained by using select or
poll system calls on video devices. The V4L2 events use POLLPRI events on
poll system call and exceptions on select system call.</para>
<para>Starting with kernel 3.1 certain guarantees can be given with
regards to events:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Each subscribed event has its own internal dedicated event queue.
This means that flooding of one event type will not interfere with other
event types.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the internal event queue for a particular subscribed event
becomes full, then the oldest event in that queue will be dropped.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Where applicable, certain event types can ensure that the payload
of the oldest event that is about to be dropped will be merged with the payload
of the next oldest event. Thus ensuring that no information is lost, but only an
intermediate step leading up to that information. See the documentation for the
event you want to subscribe to whether this is applicable for that event or not.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>

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<title>Video Output Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as On-Screen Display (OSD)</subtitle>
<para>Some video output devices can overlay a framebuffer image onto
the outgoing video signal. Applications can set up such an overlay
using this interface, which borrows structures and ioctls of the <link
linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>The OSD function is accessible through the same character
special file as the <link linkend="capture">Video Output</link> function.
Note the default function of such a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing or output. The OSD function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the <wordasword>Video Output
Overlay</wordasword> interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Framebuffer</title>
<para>Contrary to the <wordasword>Video Overlay</wordasword>
interface the framebuffer is normally implemented on the TV card and
not the graphics card. On Linux it is accessible as a framebuffer
device (<filename>/dev/fbN</filename>). Given a V4L2 device,
applications can find the corresponding framebuffer device by calling
the &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; ioctl. It returns, amongst other information, the
physical address of the framebuffer in the
<structfield>base</structfield> field of &v4l2-framebuffer;. The
framebuffer device ioctl <constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant>
returns the same address in the <structfield>smem_start</structfield>
field of struct <structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname>. The
<constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant> ioctl and struct
<structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname> are defined in the
<filename>linux/fb.h</filename> header file.</para>
<para>The width and height of the framebuffer depends on the
current video standard. A V4L2 driver may reject attempts to change
the video standard (or any other ioctl which would imply a framebuffer
size change) with an &EBUSY; until all applications closed the
framebuffer device.</para>
<example>
<title>Finding a framebuffer device for OSD</title>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/fb.h&gt;
&v4l2-framebuffer; fbuf;
unsigned int i;
int fb_fd;
if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, &amp;fbuf)) {
perror("VIDIOC_G_FBUF");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; 30; i++) {
char dev_name[16];
struct fb_fix_screeninfo si;
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/fb%u", i);
fb_fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR);
if (-1 == fb_fd) {
switch (errno) {
case ENOENT: /* no such file */
case ENXIO: /* no driver */
continue;
default:
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (0 == ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &amp;si)) {
if (si.smem_start == (unsigned long)fbuf.base)
break;
} else {
/* Apparently not a framebuffer device. */
}
close(fb_fd);
fb_fd = -1;
}
/* fb_fd is the file descriptor of the framebuffer device
for the video output overlay, or -1 if no device was found. */
</programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window and Scaling</title>
<para>The overlay is controlled by source and target rectangles.
The source rectangle selects a subsection of the framebuffer image to
be overlaid, the target rectangle an area in the outgoing video signal
where the image will appear. Drivers may or may not support scaling,
and arbitrary sizes and positions of these rectangles. Further drivers
may support any (or none) of the clipping/blending methods defined for
the <link linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-window; defines the size of the source rectangle,
its position in the framebuffer and the clipping/blending method to be
used for the overlay. To get the current parameters applications set
the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the source rectangle applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize
the <structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-crop; defines the size and position of the target
rectangle. The scaling factor of the overlay is implied by the width
and height given in &v4l2-window; and &v4l2-crop;. The cropping API
applies to <wordasword>Video Output</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Output Overlay</wordasword> devices in the same way as to
<wordasword>Video Capture</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Overlay</wordasword> devices, merely reversing the direction of the
data flow. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>There is no V4L2 ioctl to enable or disable the overlay,
however the framebuffer interface of the driver may support the
<constant>FBIOBLANK</constant> ioctl.</para>
</section>

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<title>Video Output Interface</title>
<para>Video output devices encode stills or image sequences as
analog video signal. With this interface applications can
control the encoding process and move images from user space to
the driver.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video output devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video capture devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video output interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
output</link> (<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>) interface. At
least one of the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be
supported. Modulators and audio outputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video output devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio output</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">modulator</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video output</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video output devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The output is determined by cropping and image format
parameters. The former select an area of the video picture where the
image will appear, the latter how images are stored in memory, &ie; in
RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and height.
Together they also define how images are scaled in the process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then writing to it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
output devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Writing Images</title>
<para>A video output device may support the <link
linkend="rw">write() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

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<title>Video Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as Framebuffer Overlay or Previewing</subtitle>
<para>Video overlay devices have the ability to genlock (TV-)video
into the (VGA-)video signal of a graphics card, or to store captured
images directly in video memory of a graphics card, typically with
clipping. This can be considerable more efficient than capturing
images and displaying them by other means. In the old days when only
nuclear power plants needed cooling towers this used to be the only
way to put live video into a window.</para>
<para>Video overlay devices are accessed through the same character
special files as <link linkend="capture">video capture</link> devices.
Note the default function of a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing. The overlay function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<para>The driver may support simultaneous overlay and capturing
using the read/write and streaming I/O methods. If so, operation at
the nominal frame rate of the video standard is not guaranteed. Frames
may be directed away from overlay to capture, or one field may be used
for overlay and the other for capture if the capture parameters permit
this.</para>
<para>Applications should use different file descriptors for
capturing and overlay. This must be supported by all drivers capable
of simultaneous capturing and overlay. Optionally these drivers may
also permit capturing and overlay with a single file descriptor for
compatibility with V4L and earlier versions of V4L2.<footnote>
<para>A common application of two file descriptors is the
XFree86 <link linkend="xvideo">Xv/V4L</link> interface driver and
a V4L2 application. While the X server controls video overlay, the
application can take advantage of memory mapping and DMA.</para>
<para>In the opinion of the designers of this API, no driver
writer taking the efforts to support simultaneous capturing and
overlay will restrict this ability by requiring a single file
descriptor, as in V4L and earlier versions of V4L2. Making this
optional means applications depending on two file descriptors need
backup routines to be compatible with all drivers, which is
considerable more work than using two fds in applications which do
not. Also two fd's fit the general concept of one file descriptor for
each logical stream. Hence as a complexity trade-off drivers
<emphasis>must</emphasis> support two file descriptors and
<emphasis>may</emphasis> support single fd operation.</para>
</footnote></para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video overlay interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. The overlay I/O method specified
below must be supported. Tuners and audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video overlay devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video overlay devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Setup</title>
<para>Before overlay can commence applications must program the
driver with frame buffer parameters, namely the address and size of
the frame buffer and the image format, for example RGB 5:6:5. The
&VIDIOC-G-FBUF; and &VIDIOC-S-FBUF; ioctls are available to get
and set these parameters, respectively. The
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl is privileged because it
allows to set up DMA into physical memory, bypassing the memory
protection mechanisms of the kernel. Only the superuser can change the
frame buffer address and size. Users are not supposed to run TV
applications as root or with SUID bit set. A small helper application
with suitable privileges should query the graphics system and program
the V4L2 driver at the appropriate time.</para>
<para>Some devices add the video overlay to the output signal
of the graphics card. In this case the frame buffer is not modified by
the video device, and the frame buffer address and pixel format are
not needed by the driver. The <constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl
is not privileged. An application can check for this type of device by
calling the <constant>VIDIOC_G_FBUF</constant> ioctl.</para>
<para>A driver may support any (or none) of five clipping/blending
methods:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Chroma-keying displays the overlaid image only where
pixels in the primary graphics surface assume a certain color.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A bitmap can be specified where each bit corresponds
to a pixel in the overlaid image. When the bit is set, the
corresponding video pixel is displayed, otherwise a pixel of the
graphics surface.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A list of clipping rectangles can be specified. In
these regions <emphasis>no</emphasis> video is displayed, so the
graphics surface can be seen here.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The framebuffer has an alpha channel that can be used
to clip or blend the framebuffer with the video.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A global alpha value can be specified to blend the
framebuffer contents with video images.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and frame buffer formats, the
format requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture
(&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) or overlay (&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;) may fail with an
&EBUSY; or return accordingly modified parameters..</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window</title>
<para>The overlaid image is determined by cropping and overlay
window parameters. The former select an area of the video picture to
capture, the latter how images are overlaid and clipped. Cropping
initialization at minimum requires to reset the parameters to
defaults. An example is given in <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>The overlay window is described by a &v4l2-window;. It
defines the size of the image, its position over the graphics surface
and the clipping to be applied. To get the current parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> and
call the &VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the overlay window applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize the
<structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>The scaling factor of the overlaid image is implied by the
width and height given in &v4l2-window; and the size of the cropping
rectangle. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and window sizes, the size
requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture or overlay as
well (&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) may fail with an &EBUSY; or return accordingly
modified parameters.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-window">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_window</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>w</structfield></entry>
<entry>Size and position of the window relative to the
top, left corner of the frame buffer defined with &VIDIOC-S-FBUF;. The
window can extend the frame buffer width and height, the
<structfield>x</structfield> and <structfield>y</structfield>
coordinates can be negative, and it can lie completely outside the
frame buffer. The driver clips the window accordingly, or if that is
not possible, modifies its size and/or position.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-field;</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>Applications set this field to determine which
video field shall be overlaid, typically one of
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_ANY</constant> (0),
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>. Drivers may have to choose
a different field order and return the actual setting here.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>chromakey</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has been negotiated with
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF; applications set this field to the desired pixel value
for the chroma key. The format is the same as the pixel format of the
framebuffer (&v4l2-framebuffer;
<structfield>fmt.pixelformat</structfield> field), with bytes in host
order. E.&nbsp;g. for <link
linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR32"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>
the value should be 0xRRGGBB on a little endian, 0xBBGGRR on a big
endian host.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>clips</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has <emphasis>not</emphasis>
been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated this capability,
applications can set this field to point to an array of
clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Like the window coordinates
<structfield>w</structfield>, clipping rectangles are defined relative
to the top, left corner of the frame buffer. However clipping
rectangles must not extend the frame buffer width and height, and they
must not overlap. If possible applications should merge adjacent
rectangles. Whether this must create x-y or y-x bands, or the order of
rectangles, is not defined. When clip lists are not supported the
driver ignores this field. Its contents after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
are undefined.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>clipcount</structfield></entry>
<entry>When the application set the
<structfield>clips</structfield> field, this field must contain the
number of clipping rectangles in the list. When clip lists are not
supported the driver ignores this field, its contents after calling
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> are undefined. When clip lists are
supported but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>void *</entry>
<entry><structfield>bitmap</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has
<emphasis>not</emphasis> been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated
this capability, applications can set this field to point to a
clipping bit mask.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>It must be of the same size
as the window, <structfield>w.width</structfield> and
<structfield>w.height</structfield>. Each bit corresponds to a pixel
in the overlaid image, which is displayed only when the bit is
<emphasis>set</emphasis>. Pixel coordinates translate to bits like:
<programlisting>
((__u8 *) <structfield>bitmap</structfield>)[<structfield>w.width</structfield> * y + x / 8] &amp; (1 &lt;&lt; (x &amp; 7))</programlisting></para><para>where <structfield>0</structfield> &le; x &lt;
<structfield>w.width</structfield> and <structfield>0</structfield> &le;
y &lt;<structfield>w.height</structfield>.<footnote>
<para>Should we require
<structfield>w.width</structfield> to be a multiple of
eight?</para>
</footnote></para><para>When a clipping
bit mask is not supported the driver ignores this field, its contents
after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT; are undefined. When a bit mask is supported
but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
<constant>NULL</constant>.</para><para>Applications need not create a
clip list or bit mask. When they pass both, or despite negotiating
chroma-keying, the results are undefined. Regardless of the chosen
method, the clipping abilities of the hardware may be limited in
quantity or quality. The results when these limits are exceeded are
undefined.<footnote>
<para>When the image is written into frame buffer
memory it will be undesirable if the driver clips out less pixels
than expected, because the application and graphics system are not
aware these regions need to be refreshed. The driver should clip out
more pixels or not write the image at all.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>global_alpha</structfield></entry>
<entry>The global alpha value used to blend the
framebuffer with video images, if global alpha blending has been
negotiated (<constant>V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA</constant>, see
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;, <xref linkend="framebuffer-flags" />).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Note this field was added in Linux 2.6.23, extending the structure. However
the <link linkend="vidioc-g-fmt">VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_FMT</link> ioctls,
which take a pointer to a <link
linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> parent structure with padding
bytes at the end, are not affected.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-clip">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_clip</structname><footnote>
<para>The X Window system defines "regions" which are
vectors of struct BoxRec { short x1, y1, x2, y2; } with width = x2 -
x1 and height = y2 - y1, so one cannot pass X11 clip lists
directly.</para>
</footnote></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>c</structfield></entry>
<entry>Coordinates of the clipping rectangle, relative to
the top, left corner of the frame buffer. Only window pixels
<emphasis>outside</emphasis> all clipping rectangles are
displayed.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>next</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pointer to the next clipping rectangle, NULL when
this is the last rectangle. Drivers ignore this field, it cannot be
used to pass a linked list of clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- NB for easier reading this table is duplicated
in the vidioc-cropcap chapter.-->
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-rect">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_rect</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>left</structfield></entry>
<entry>Horizontal offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>top</structfield></entry>
<entry>Vertical offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels. Offsets increase to the right and down.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>width</structfield></entry>
<entry>Width of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>height</structfield></entry>
<entry>Height of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>To start or stop the frame buffer overlay applications call
the &VIDIOC-OVERLAY; ioctl.</para>
</section>

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<title>Radio Interface</title>
<para>This interface is intended for AM and FM (analog) radio
receivers and transmitters.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 radio devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/radio</filename>
and <filename>/dev/radio0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/radio63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 64 to 127.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the radio interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_RADIO</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Other combinations of
capability flags are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Radio devices can support <link
linkend="control">controls</link>, and must support the <link
linkend="tuner">tuner or modulator</link> ioctls.</para>
<para>They do not support the video input or output, audio input
or output, video standard, cropping and scaling, compression and
streaming parameter, or overlay ioctls. All other ioctls and I/O
methods are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Programming</title>
<para>Radio devices may have a couple audio controls (as discussed
in <xref linkend="control" />) such as a volume control, possibly custom
controls. Further all radio devices have one tuner or modulator (these are
discussed in <xref linkend="tuner" />) with index number zero to select
the radio frequency and to determine if a monaural or FM stereo
program is received/emitted. Drivers switch automatically between AM and FM
depending on the selected frequency. The &VIDIOC-G-TUNER; or
&VIDIOC-G-MODULATOR; ioctl
reports the supported frequency range.</para>
</section>

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<title>Raw VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI is an abbreviation of Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap
in the sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI
no picture information is transmitted, allowing some time while the
electron beam of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the
screen. Using an oscilloscope you will find here the vertical
synchronization pulses and short data packages ASK
modulated<footnote><para>ASK: Amplitude-Shift Keying. A high signal
level represents a '1' bit, a low level a '0' bit.</para></footnote>
onto the video signal. These are transmissions of services such as
Teletext or Closed Caption.</para>
<para>Subject of this interface type is raw VBI data, as sampled off
a video signal, or to be added to a signal for output.
The data format is similar to uncompressed video images, a number of
lines times a number of samples per line, we call this a VBI image.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 VBI devices are accessed through character
device special files named <filename>/dev/vbi</filename> and
<filename>/dev/vbi0</filename> to <filename>/dev/vbi31</filename> with
major number 81 and minor numbers 224 to 255.
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> is typically a symbolic link to the
preferred VBI device. This convention applies to both input and output
devices.</para>
<para>To address the problems of finding related video and VBI
devices VBI capturing and output is also available as device function
under <filename>/dev/video</filename>. To capture or output raw VBI
data with these devices applications must call the &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
ioctl. Accessed as <filename>/dev/vbi</filename>, raw VBI capturing
or output is the default device function.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the raw VBI capturing or output API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flags, respectively, in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must be
supported. VBI devices may or may not have a tuner or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link>, <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link>, and <link linkend="control">controls</link> ioctls
as needed. The <link linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide
information vital to program a VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Raw VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Raw VBI sampling abilities can vary, in particular the
sampling frequency. To properly interpret the data V4L2 specifies an
ioctl to query the sampling parameters. Moreover, to allow for some
flexibility applications can also suggest different parameters.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis>
reset at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a
device and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well
written V4L2 applications should always ensure they really get what
they want, requesting reasonable parameters and then checking if the
actual parameters are suitable.</para>
<para>To query the current raw VBI capture parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-vbi-format; <structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-vbi-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers return
an &EINVAL; only when the given parameters are ambiguous, otherwise
they modify the parameters according to the hardware capabilities and
return the actual parameters. When the driver allocates resources at
this point, it may return an &EBUSY; to indicate the returned
parameters are valid but the required resources are currently not
available. That may happen for instance when the video and VBI areas
to capture would overlap, or when the driver supports multiple opens
and another process already requested VBI capturing or output. Anyway,
applications must expect other resource allocation points which may
return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode>, at the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl
and the first read(), write() and select() call.</para>
<para>VBI devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-vbi-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sampling_rate</structfield></entry>
<entry>Samples per second, i.&nbsp;e. unit 1 Hz.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>offset</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Horizontal offset of the VBI image,
relative to the leading edge of the line synchronization pulse and
counted in samples: The first sample in the VBI image will be located
<structfield>offset</structfield> /
<structfield>sampling_rate</structfield> seconds following the leading
edge. See also <xref linkend="vbi-hsync" />.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>samples_per_line</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sample_format</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Defines the sample format as in <xref
linkend="pixfmt" />, a four-character-code.<footnote>
<para>A few devices may be unable to
sample VBI data at all but can extend the video capture window to the
VBI region.</para>
</footnote> Usually this is
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</constant>, i.&nbsp;e. each sample
consists of 8 bits with lower values oriented towards the black level.
Do not assume any other correlation of values with the signal level.
For example, the MSB does not necessarily indicate if the signal is
'high' or 'low' because 128 may not be the mean value of the
signal. Drivers shall not convert the sample format by software.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>start</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This is the scanning system line number
associated with the first line of the VBI image, of the first and the
second field respectively. See <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and
<xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid values.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start line
numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a convenience.
Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
VBI input drivers can return start values 0 if the hardware cannot
reliable identify scanning lines, VBI acquisition may not require this
information.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>count</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>The number of lines in the first and second
field image, respectively.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Drivers should be as
flexibility as possible. For example, it may be possible to extend or
move the VBI capture window down to the picture area, implementing a
'full field mode' to capture data service transmissions embedded in
the picture.</para><para>An application can set the first or second
<structfield>count</structfield> value to zero if no data is required
from the respective field; <structfield>count</structfield>[1] if the
scanning system is progressive, &ie; not interlaced. The
corresponding start value shall be ignored by the application and
driver. Anyway, drivers may not support single field capturing and
return both count values non-zero.</para><para>Both
<structfield>count</structfield> values set to zero, or line numbers
outside the bounds depicted in <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />, or a field image covering
lines of two fields, are invalid and shall not be returned by the
driver.</para><para>To initialize the <structfield>start</structfield>
and <structfield>count</structfield> fields, applications must first
determine the current video standard selection. The &v4l2-std-id; or
the <structfield>framelines</structfield> field of &v4l2-standard; can
be evaluated for this purpose.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>See <xref linkend="vbifmt-flags" /> below. Currently
only drivers set flags, applications must set this field to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="vbifmt-flags">
<title>Raw VBI Format Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><para>This flag indicates hardware which does not
properly distinguish between fields. Normally the VBI image stores the
first field (lower scanning line numbers) first in memory. This may be
a top or bottom field depending on the video standard. When this flag
is set the first or second field may be stored first, however the
fields are still in correct temporal order with the older field first
in memory.<footnote>
<para>Most VBI services transmit on both fields, but
some have different semantics depending on the field number. These
cannot be reliable decoded or encoded when
<constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant> is set.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_INTERLACED</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0002</entry>
<entry>By default the two field images will be passed
sequentially; all lines of the first field followed by all lines of
the second field (compare <xref linkend="field-order" />
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_TB</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_BT</constant>, whether the top or bottom
field is first in memory depends on the video standard). When this
flag is set, the two fields are interlaced (cf.
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>). The first line of the
first field followed by the first line of the second field, then the
two second lines, and so on. Such a layout may be necessary when the
hardware has been programmed to capture or output interlaced video
images and is unable to separate the fields for VBI capturing at
the same time. For simplicity setting this flag implies that both
<structfield>count</structfield> values are equal and non-zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<figure id="vbi-hsync">
<title>Line synchronization</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Line synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-525">
<title>ITU-R 525 line numbering (M/NTSC and M/PAL)</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>NTSC field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 264 and not 263.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-625">
<title>ITU-R 625 line numbering</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>PAL/SECAM field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 314 and not 313.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>Remember the VBI image format depends on the selected
video standard, therefore the application must choose a new standard or
query the current standard first. Attempts to read or write data ahead
of format negotiation, or after switching the video standard which may
invalidate the negotiated VBI parameters, should be refused by the
driver. A format change during active I/O is not permitted.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing VBI images</title>
<para>To assure synchronization with the field number and easier
implementation, the smallest unit of data passed at a time is one
frame, consisting of two fields of VBI images immediately following in
memory.</para>
<para>The total size of a frame computes as follows:</para>
<programlisting>
(<structfield>count</structfield>[0] + <structfield>count</structfield>[1]) *
<structfield>samples_per_line</structfield> * sample size in bytes</programlisting>
<para>The sample size is most likely always one byte,
applications must check the <structfield>sample_format</structfield>
field though, to function properly with other drivers.</para>
<para>A VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the
possibility of synchronizing video and
VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
<para>Remember the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first read(),
write() and select() call can be resource allocation points returning
an &EBUSY; if the required hardware resources are temporarily
unavailable, for example the device is already in use by another
process.</para>
</section>

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<title>RDS Interface</title>
<para>The Radio Data System transmits supplementary
information in binary format, for example the station name or travel
information, on an inaudible audio subcarrier of a radio program. This
interface is aimed at devices capable of receiving and/or transmitting RDS
information.</para>
<para>For more information see the core RDS standard <xref linkend="iec62106" />
and the RBDS standard <xref linkend="nrsc4" />.</para>
<para>Note that the RBDS standard as is used in the USA is almost identical
to the RDS standard. Any RDS decoder/encoder can also handle RBDS. Only some of the
fields have slightly different meanings. See the RBDS standard for more
information.</para>
<para>The RBDS standard also specifies support for MMBS (Modified Mobile Search).
This is a proprietary format which seems to be discontinued. The RDS interface does not
support this format. Should support for MMBS (or the so-called 'E blocks' in general)
be needed, then please contact the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS capturing API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_CAPTURE</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Any tuner that supports RDS
will set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capability</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;. If
the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be
set, see <link linkend="reading-rds-data">Reading RDS data</link>.
For future use the
flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> has also been
defined. However, a driver for a radio tuner with this capability does
not yet exist, so if you are planning to write such a driver you
should discuss this on the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<para> Whether an RDS signal is present can be detected by looking
at the <structfield>rxsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;:
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant> will be set if RDS data
was detected.</para>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_OUTPUT</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.
Any modulator that supports RDS will set the
<constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in the <structfield>capability</structfield>
field of &v4l2-modulator;.
In order to enable the RDS transmission one must set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant>
bit in the <structfield>txsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-modulator;.
If the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be set. If the
tuner is capable of handling RDS entities like program identification codes and radio
text, the flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> should be set,
see <link linkend="writing-rds-data">Writing RDS data</link> and
<link linkend="fm-tx-controls">FM Transmitter Control Reference</link>.</para>
</section>
<section id="reading-rds-data">
<title>Reading RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be read from the radio device
with the &func-read; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes.</para>
</section>
<section id="writing-rds-data">
<title>Writing RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be written to the radio device
with the &func-write; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes,
as follows:</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>RDS datastructures</title>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_rds_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>lsb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Least Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>msb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Most Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>block</structfield></entry>
<entry>Block description</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block">
<title>Block description</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Bits 0-2</entry>
<entry>Block (aka offset) of the received data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bits 3-5</entry>
<entry>Deprecated. Currently identical to bits 0-2. Do not use these bits.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 6</entry>
<entry>Corrected bit. Indicates that an error was corrected for this data block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 7</entry>
<entry>Error bit. Indicates that an uncorrectable error occurred during reception of this block.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block-codes">
<title>Block defines</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_MSK</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Mask for bits 0-2 to get the block ID.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_A</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Block A.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_B</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Block B.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Block C.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_D</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Block D.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C_ALT</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Block C'.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_INVALID</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>An invalid block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_CORRECTED</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x40</entry>
<entry>A bit error was detected but corrected.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_ERROR</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x80</entry>
<entry>An uncorrectable error occurred.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>

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<title>Software Defined Radio Interface (SDR)</title>
<para>
SDR is an abbreviation of Software Defined Radio, the radio device
which uses application software for modulation or demodulation. This interface
is intended for controlling and data streaming of such devices.
</para>
<para>
SDR devices are accessed through character device special files named
<filename>/dev/swradio0</filename> to <filename>/dev/swradio255</filename>
with major number 81 and dynamically allocated minor numbers 0 to 255.
</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>
Devices supporting the SDR receiver interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. That flag means the device has an
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), which is a mandatory element for the SDR receiver.
</para>
<para>
Devices supporting the SDR transmitter interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SDR_OUTPUT</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. That flag means the device has an
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC), which is a mandatory element for the SDR transmitter.
</para>
<para>
At least one of the read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must
be supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>
SDR devices can support <link linkend="control">controls</link>, and must
support the <link linkend="tuner">tuner</link> ioctls. Tuner ioctls are used
for setting the ADC/DAC sampling rate (sampling frequency) and the possible
radio frequency (RF).
</para>
<para>
The <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SDR</constant> tuner type is used for setting SDR
device ADC/DAC frequency, and the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_RF</constant>
tuner type is used for setting radio frequency.
The tuner index of the RF tuner (if any) must always follow the SDR tuner index.
Normally the SDR tuner is #0 and the RF tuner is #1.
</para>
<para>
The &VIDIOC-S-HW-FREQ-SEEK; ioctl is not supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Data Format Negotiation</title>
<para>
The SDR device uses the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls to
select the capture and output format. Both the sampling resolution and the data
streaming format are bound to that selectable format. In addition to the basic
<link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls, the &VIDIOC-ENUM-FMT; ioctl
must be supported as well.
</para>
<para>
To use the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_OUTPUT</constant> and use the &v4l2-sdr-format;
<structfield>sdr</structfield> member of the <structfield>fmt</structfield>
union as needed per the desired operation.
Currently there is two fields, <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> and
<structfield>buffersize</structfield>, of struct &v4l2-sdr-format; which are
used. Content of the <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> is V4L2 FourCC
code of the data format. The <structfield>buffersize</structfield> field is
maximum buffer size in bytes required for data transfer, set by the driver in
order to inform application.
</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-sdr-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_sdr_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>pixelformat</structfield></entry>
<entry>
The data format or type of compression, set by the application. This is a
little endian <link linkend="v4l2-fourcc">four character code</link>.
V4L2 defines SDR formats in <xref linkend="sdr-formats" />.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>buffersize</structfield></entry>
<entry>
Maximum size in bytes required for data. Value is set by the driver.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved[24]</structfield></entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
An SDR device may support <link linkend="rw">read/write</link>
and/or streaming (<link linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link>
or <link linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O.
</para>
</section>

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<title>Sliced VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI stands for Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap in the
sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI no picture
information is transmitted, allowing some time while the electron beam
of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the screen.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI devices use hardware to demodulate data transmitted
in the VBI. V4L2 drivers shall <emphasis>not</emphasis> do this by
software, see also the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
interface</link>. The data is passed as short packets of fixed size,
covering one scan line each. The number of packets per video frame is
variable.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI capture and output devices are accessed through the
same character special files as raw VBI devices. When a driver
supports both interfaces, the default function of a
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> device is <emphasis>raw</emphasis> VBI
capturing or output, and the sliced VBI function is only available
after calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl as defined below. Likewise a
<filename>/dev/video</filename> device may support the sliced VBI API,
however the default function here is video capturing or output.
Different file descriptors must be used to pass raw and sliced VBI
data simultaneously, if this is supported by the driver.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the sliced VBI capturing or output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flag respectively, in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous <link linkend="io">I/O
methods</link> must be supported. Sliced VBI devices may have a tuner
or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Sliced VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link> and <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link> ioctls if they have these capabilities, and they may
support <link linkend="control">control</link> ioctls. The <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide information
vital to program a sliced VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section id="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">
<title>Sliced VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>To find out which data services are supported by the
hardware applications can call the &VIDIOC-G-SLICED-VBI-CAP; ioctl.
All drivers implementing the sliced VBI interface must support this
ioctl. The results may differ from those of the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl
when the number of VBI lines the hardware can capture or output per
frame, or the number of services it can identify on a given line are
limited. For example on PAL line 16 the hardware may be able to look
for a VPS or Teletext signal, but not both at the same time.</para>
<para>To determine the currently selected services applications
set the <structfield>type </structfield> field of &v4l2-format; to
<constant> V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or <constant>
V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and the &VIDIOC-G-FMT;
ioctl fills the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield> member, a
&v4l2-sliced-vbi-format;.</para>
<para>Applications can request different parameters by
initializing or modifying the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield>
member and calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to the
<structname>v4l2_format</structname> structure.</para>
<para>The sliced VBI API is more complicated than the raw VBI API
because the hardware must be told which VBI service to expect on each
scan line. Not all services may be supported by the hardware on all
lines (this is especially true for VBI output where Teletext is often
unsupported and other services can only be inserted in one specific
line). In many cases, however, it is sufficient to just set the
<structfield>service_set</structfield> field to the required services
and let the driver fill the <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array according to hardware capabilities. Only if more precise control
is needed should the programmer set the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array explicitly.</para>
<para>The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl modifies the parameters
according to hardware capabilities. When the driver allocates
resources at this point, it may return an &EBUSY; if the required
resources are temporarily unavailable. Other resource allocation
points which may return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode> can be the
&VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first &func-read;, &func-write; and
&func-select; call.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-format">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="hspan" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_set</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is non-zero when passed with
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; or &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT;, the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array will be filled by the
driver according to the services specified in this field. For example,
if <structfield>service_set</structfield> is initialized with
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B | V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>, a
driver for the cx25840 video decoder sets lines 7-22 of both
fields<footnote><para>According to <link
linkend="ets300706">ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</link> lines 6-22 of the
first field and lines 5-22 of the second field may carry Teletext
data.</para></footnote> to <constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
and line 23 of the first field to
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>. If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is set to zero, then the values
of <structfield>service_lines</structfield> will be used instead.
</para><para>On return the driver sets this field to the union of all
elements of the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array. It may contain less services than requested, perhaps just one,
if the hardware cannot handle more services simultaneously. It may be
empty (zero) if none of the requested services are supported by the
hardware.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[2][24]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Applications initialize this
array with sets of data services the driver shall look for or insert
on the respective scan line. Subject to hardware capabilities drivers
return the requested set, a subset, which may be just a single
service, or an empty set. When the hardware cannot handle multiple
services on the same line the driver shall choose one. No assumptions
can be made on which service the driver chooses.</para><para>Data
services are defined in <xref linkend="vbi-services2" />. Array indices
map to ITU-R line numbers (see also <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />) as follows: <!-- No nested
tables, sigh. --></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Element</entry>
<entry>525 line systems</entry>
<entry>625 line systems</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">264</entry>
<entry align="center">314</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">286</entry>
<entry align="center">336</entry>
</row>
<!-- End of line numbers table. -->
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Drivers must set
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][0] and
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][0] to zero.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start
line numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a
convenience. Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>io_size</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Maximum number of bytes passed by
one &func-read; or &func-write; call, and the buffer size in bytes for
the &VIDIOC-QBUF; and &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. Drivers set this field to
the size of &v4l2-sliced-vbi-data; times the number of non-zero
elements in the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array (that is the number of lines potentially carrying data).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">This array is reserved for future
extensions. Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- See also vidioc-g-sliced-vbi-cap.sgml -->
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="vbi-services2">
<title>Sliced VBI services</title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="rlp" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Symbol</entry>
<entry>Value</entry>
<entry>Reference</entry>
<entry>Lines, usually</entry>
<entry>Payload</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
(Teletext System B)</entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300706" />, <xref linkend="itu653" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 7-22, 320-335 (second field 7-22)</entry>
<entry>Last 42 of the 45 byte Teletext packet, that is
without clock run-in and framing code, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VPS</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0400</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300231" /></entry>
<entry>PAL line 16</entry>
<entry>Byte number 3 to 15 according to Figure 9 of
ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_CAPTION_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="cea608" /></entry>
<entry>NTSC line 21, 284 (second field 21)</entry>
<entry>Two bytes in transmission order, including parity
bit, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="itu1119" />, <xref linkend="en300294" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 23</entry>
<entry><screen>
Byte 0 1
msb lsb msb lsb
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 x x 13 12 11 10 9
</screen></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 525
line systems.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4401</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 625
line systems.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Drivers may return an &EINVAL; when applications attempt to
read or write data without prior format negotiation, after switching
the video standard (which may invalidate the negotiated VBI
parameters) and after switching the video input (which may change the
video standard as a side effect). The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl may return
an &EBUSY; when applications attempt to change the format while i/o is
in progress (between a &VIDIOC-STREAMON; and &VIDIOC-STREAMOFF; call,
and after the first &func-read; or &func-write; call).</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing sliced VBI data</title>
<para>A single &func-read; or &func-write; call must pass all data
belonging to one video frame. That is an array of
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> structures with one or
more elements and a total size not exceeding
<structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes. Likewise in streaming I/O
mode one buffer of <structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes must
contain data of one video frame. The <structfield>id</structfield> of
unused <structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> elements must be
zero.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A flag from <xref linkend="vbi-services" />
identifying the type of data in this packet. Only a single bit must be
set. When the <structfield>id</structfield> of a captured packet is
zero, the packet is empty and the contents of other fields are
undefined. Applications shall ignore empty packets. When the
<structfield>id</structfield> of a packet for output is zero the
contents of the <structfield>data</structfield> field are undefined
and the driver must no longer insert data on the requested
<structfield>field</structfield> and
<structfield>line</structfield>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>The video field number this data has been captured
from, or shall be inserted at. <constant>0</constant> for the first
field, <constant>1</constant> for the second field.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield></entry>
<entry>The field (as opposed to frame) line number this
data has been captured from, or shall be inserted at. See <xref
linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid
values. Sliced VBI capture devices can set the line number of all
packets to <constant>0</constant> if the hardware cannot reliably
identify scan lines. The field number must always be valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield></entry>
<entry>This field is reserved for future extensions.
Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[48]</entry>
<entry>The packet payload. See <xref
linkend="vbi-services" /> for the contents and number of
bytes passed for each data type. The contents of padding bytes at the
end of this array are undefined, drivers and applications shall ignore
them.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Packets are always passed in ascending line number order,
without duplicate line numbers. The &func-write; function and the
&VIDIOC-QBUF; ioctl must return an &EINVAL; when applications violate
this rule. They must also return an &EINVAL; when applications pass an
incorrect field or line number, or a combination of
<structfield>field</structfield>, <structfield>line</structfield> and
<structfield>id</structfield> which has not been negotiated with the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; or &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. When the line numbers are
unknown the driver must pass the packets in transmitted order. The
driver can insert empty packets with <structfield>id</structfield> set
to zero anywhere in the packet array.</para>
<para>To assure synchronization and to distinguish from frame
dropping, when a captured frame does not carry any of the requested
data services drivers must pass one or more empty packets. When an
application fails to pass VBI data in time for output, the driver
must output the last VPS and WSS packet again, and disable the output
of Closed Caption and Teletext data, or output data which is ignored
by Closed Caption and Teletext decoders.</para>
<para>A sliced VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> and/or <link linkend="userp">user
pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the possibility of synchronizing
video and VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Sliced VBI Data in MPEG Streams</title>
<para>If a device can produce an MPEG output stream, it may be
capable of providing <link
linkend="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">negotiated sliced VBI
services</link> as data embedded in the MPEG stream. Users or
applications control this sliced VBI data insertion with the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control.</para>
<para>If the driver does not provide the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control, or only allows that control to be set to <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link>, then the device
cannot embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link> control does not implicitly set
the device driver to capture nor cease capturing sliced VBI data. The
control only indicates to embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream, if
an application has negotiated sliced VBI service be captured.</para>
<para>It may also be the case that a device can embed sliced VBI
data in only certain types of MPEG streams: for example in an MPEG-2
PS but not an MPEG-2 TS. In this situation, if sliced VBI data
insertion is requested, the sliced VBI data will be embedded in MPEG
stream types when supported, and silently omitted from MPEG stream
types where sliced VBI data insertion is not supported by the device.
</para>
<para>The following subsections specify the format of the
embedded sliced VBI data.</para>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: NONE</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format shall be interpreted by drivers as a control to cease
embedding sliced VBI data in MPEG streams. Neither the device nor
driver shall insert "empty" embedded sliced VBI data packets in the
MPEG stream when this format is set. No MPEG stream data structures
are specified for this format.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: IVTV</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format, when supported, indicates to the driver to embed up to 36
lines of sliced VBI data per frame in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private
Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet encapsulated in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>
Program Pack</emphasis> in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para><emphasis>Historical context</emphasis>: This format
specification originates from a custom, embedded, sliced VBI data
format used by the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver. This format
has already been informally specified in the kernel sources in the
file <filename>Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.vbi</filename>
. The maximum size of the payload and other aspects of this format
are driven by the CX23415 MPEG decoder's capabilities and limitations
with respect to extracting, decoding, and displaying sliced VBI data
embedded within an MPEG stream.</para>
<para>This format's use is <emphasis>not</emphasis> exclusive to
the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver <emphasis>nor</emphasis>
exclusive to CX2341x devices, as the sliced VBI data packet insertion
into the MPEG stream is implemented in driver software. At least the
<filename>cx18</filename> driver provides sliced VBI data insertion
into an MPEG-2 PS in this format as well.</para>
<para>The following definitions specify the payload of the
MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packets that contain
sliced VBI data when <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
<constant>V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> is set.
(The MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet header
and encapsulating MPEG-2 <emphasis>Program Pack</emphasis> header are
not detailed here. Please refer to the MPEG-2 specifications for
details on those packet headers.)</para>
<para>The payload of the MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES
</emphasis> packets that contain sliced VBI data is specified by
&v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;. The payload is variable
length, depending on the actual number of lines of sliced VBI data
present in a video frame. The payload may be padded at the end with
unspecified fill bytes to align the end of the payload to a 4-byte
boundary. The payload shall never exceed 1552 bytes (2 fields with
18 lines/field with 43 bytes of data/line and a 4 byte magic number).
</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
&cs-ustr;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>magic</structfield>[4]</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>A "magic" constant from <xref
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic" /> that indicates
this is a valid sliced VBI data payload and also indicates which
member of the anonymous union, <structfield>itv0</structfield> or
<structfield>ITV0</structfield>, to use for the payload data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>union</entry>
<entry>(anonymous)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>itv0</structfield></entry>
<entry>The primary form of the sliced VBI data payload
that contains anywhere from 1 to 35 lines of sliced VBI data.
Line masks are provided in this form of the payload indicating
which VBI lines are provided.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>ITV0</structfield></entry>
<entry>An alternate form of the sliced VBI data payload
used when 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present. No line masks are
provided in this form of the payload; all valid line mask bits are
implcitly set.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic">
<title>Magic Constants for &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;
<structfield>magic</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC0</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"itv0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>itv0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC1</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"ITV0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>ITV0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid and
that 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__le32</entry>
<entry><structfield>linemask</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry><para>Bitmasks indicating the VBI service lines
present. These <structfield>linemask</structfield> values are stored
in little endian byte order in the MPEG stream. Some reference
<structfield>linemask</structfield> bit positions with their
corresponding VBI line number and video field are given below.
b<subscript>0</subscript> indicates the least significant bit of a
<structfield>linemask</structfield> value:<screen>
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 6 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>17</subscript>: line 23 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>18</subscript>: line 6 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>31</subscript>: line 19 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 20 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>3</subscript>: line 23 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>4</subscript>-b<subscript>31</subscript>: unused and set to 0</screen></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[35]</entry>
<entry>This is a variable length array that holds from 1
to 35 lines of sliced VBI data. The sliced VBI data lines present
correspond to the bits set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield>
array, starting from b<subscript>0</subscript> of <structfield>
linemask</structfield>[0] up through b<subscript>31</subscript> of
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0], and from b<subscript>0
</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] up through b
<subscript>3</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1].
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] corresponds to the first bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array,
<structfield>line</structfield>[1] corresponds to the second bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array, etc.
If no <structfield>linemask</structfield> array bits are set, then
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] may contain one line of
unspecified data that should be ignored by applications.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[36]</entry>
<entry>A fixed length array of 36 lines of sliced VBI
data. <structfield>line</structfield>[0] through <structfield>line
</structfield>[17] correspond to lines 6 through 23 of the
first field. <structfield>line</structfield>[18] through
<structfield>line</structfield>[35] corresponds to lines 6
through 23 of the second field.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A line identifier value from
<xref linkend="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants" /> that indicates
the type of sliced VBI data stored on this line.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[42]</entry>
<entry>The sliced VBI data for the line.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants">
<title>Line Identifiers for struct <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line"><structname>
v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link> <structfield>id
</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_TELETEXT_B</constant>
</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_CAPTION_525</constant>
</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_WSS_625</constant>
</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_VPS</constant>
</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
</section>

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@ -1,478 +0,0 @@
<title>Sub-device Interface</title>
<para>The complex nature of V4L2 devices, where hardware is often made of
several integrated circuits that need to interact with each other in a
controlled way, leads to complex V4L2 drivers. The drivers usually reflect
the hardware model in software, and model the different hardware components
as software blocks called sub-devices.</para>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices are usually kernel-only objects. If the V4L2 driver
implements the media device API, they will automatically inherit from media
entities. Applications will be able to enumerate the sub-devices and discover
the hardware topology using the media entities, pads and links enumeration
API.</para>
<para>In addition to make sub-devices discoverable, drivers can also choose
to make them directly configurable by applications. When both the sub-device
driver and the V4L2 device driver support this, sub-devices will feature a
character device node on which ioctls can be called to
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>query, read and write sub-devices controls</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>subscribe and unsubscribe to events and retrieve them</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>negotiate image formats on individual pads</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Sub-device character device nodes, conventionally named
<filename>/dev/v4l-subdev*</filename>, use major number 81.</para>
<section>
<title>Controls</title>
<para>Most V4L2 controls are implemented by sub-device hardware. Drivers
usually merge all controls and expose them through video device nodes.
Applications can control all sub-devices through a single interface.</para>
<para>Complex devices sometimes implement the same control in different
pieces of hardware. This situation is common in embedded platforms, where
both sensors and image processing hardware implement identical functions,
such as contrast adjustment, white balance or faulty pixels correction. As
the V4L2 controls API doesn't support several identical controls in a single
device, all but one of the identical controls are hidden.</para>
<para>Applications can access those hidden controls through the sub-device
node with the V4L2 control API described in <xref linkend="control" />. The
ioctls behave identically as when issued on V4L2 device nodes, with the
exception that they deal only with controls implemented in the sub-device.
</para>
<para>Depending on the driver, those controls might also be exposed through
one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Events</title>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices can notify applications of events as described in
<xref linkend="event" />. The API behaves identically as when used on V4L2
device nodes, with the exception that it only deals with events generated by
the sub-device. Depending on the driver, those events might also be reported
on one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section id="pad-level-formats">
<title>Pad-level Formats</title>
<warning><para>Pad-level formats are only applicable to very complex device that
need to expose low-level format configuration to user space. Generic V4L2
applications do <emphasis>not</emphasis> need to use the API described in
this section.</para></warning>
<note><para>For the purpose of this section, the term
<wordasword>format</wordasword> means the combination of media bus data
format, frame width and frame height.</para></note>
<para>Image formats are typically negotiated on video capture and
output devices using the format and <link
linkend="vidioc-subdev-g-selection">selection</link> ioctls. The
driver is responsible for configuring every block in the video
pipeline according to the requested format at the pipeline input
and/or output.</para>
<para>For complex devices, such as often found in embedded systems,
identical image sizes at the output of a pipeline can be achieved using
different hardware configurations. One such example is shown on
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" />, where
image scaling can be performed on both the video sensor and the host image
processing hardware.</para>
<figure id="pipeline-scaling">
<title>Image Format Negotiation on Pipelines</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>High quality and high speed pipeline configuration</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The sensor scaler is usually of less quality than the host scaler, but
scaling on the sensor is required to achieve higher frame rates. Depending
on the use case (quality vs. speed), the pipeline must be configured
differently. Applications need to configure the formats at every point in
the pipeline explicitly.</para>
<para>Drivers that implement the <link linkend="media-controller-intro">media
API</link> can expose pad-level image format configuration to applications.
When they do, applications can use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls. to negotiate formats on a per-pad basis.</para>
<para>Applications are responsible for configuring coherent parameters on
the whole pipeline and making sure that connected pads have compatible
formats. The pipeline is checked for formats mismatch at &VIDIOC-STREAMON;
time, and an &EPIPE; is then returned if the configuration is
invalid.</para>
<para>Pad-level image format configuration support can be tested by calling
the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; ioctl on pad 0. If the driver returns an &EINVAL;
pad-level format configuration is not supported by the sub-device.</para>
<section>
<title>Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Acceptable formats on pads can (and usually do) depend on a number
of external parameters, such as formats on other pads, active links, or
even controls. Finding a combination of formats on all pads in a video
pipeline, acceptable to both application and driver, can't rely on formats
enumeration only. A format negotiation mechanism is required.</para>
<para>Central to the format negotiation mechanism are the get/set format
operations. When called with the <structfield>which</structfield> argument
set to <constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_TRY</constant>, the
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls operate on a set of
formats parameters that are not connected to the hardware configuration.
Modifying those 'try' formats leaves the device state untouched (this
applies to both the software state stored in the driver and the hardware
state stored in the device itself).</para>
<para>While not kept as part of the device state, try formats are stored
in the sub-device file handles. A &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; call will return
the last try format set <emphasis>on the same sub-device file
handle</emphasis>. Several applications querying the same sub-device at
the same time will thus not interact with each other.</para>
<para>To find out whether a particular format is supported by the device,
applications use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctl. Drivers verify and, if
needed, change the requested <structfield>format</structfield> based on
device requirements and return the possibly modified value. Applications
can then choose to try a different format or accept the returned value and
continue.</para>
<para>Formats returned by the driver during a negotiation iteration are
guaranteed to be supported by the device. In particular, drivers guarantee
that a returned format will not be further changed if passed to an
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; call as-is (as long as external parameters, such as
formats on other pads or links' configuration are not changed).</para>
<para>Drivers automatically propagate formats inside sub-devices. When a
try or active format is set on a pad, corresponding formats on other pads
of the same sub-device can be modified by the driver. Drivers are free to
modify formats as required by the device. However, they should comply with
the following rules when possible:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Formats should be propagated from sink pads to source pads.
Modifying a format on a source pad should not modify the format on any
sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sub-devices that scale frames using variable scaling factors
should reset the scale factors to default values when sink pads formats
are modified. If the 1:1 scaling ratio is supported, this means that
source pads formats should be reset to the sink pads formats.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Formats are not propagated across links, as that would involve
propagating them from one sub-device file handle to another. Applications
must then take care to configure both ends of every link explicitly with
compatible formats. Identical formats on the two ends of a link are
guaranteed to be compatible. Drivers are free to accept different formats
matching device requirements as being compatible.</para>
<para><xref linkend="sample-pipeline-config" />
shows a sample configuration sequence for the pipeline described in
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" /> (table
columns list entity names and pad numbers).</para>
<table pgwide="0" frame="none" id="sample-pipeline-config">
<title>Sample Pipeline Configuration</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="what"/>
<colspec colname="sensor-0 format" />
<colspec colname="frontend-0 format" />
<colspec colname="frontend-1 format" />
<colspec colname="scaler-0 format" />
<colspec colname="scaler-0 compose" />
<colspec colname="scaler-1 format" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Sensor/0 format</entry>
<entry>Frontend/0 format</entry>
<entry>Frontend/1 format</entry>
<entry>Scaler/0 format</entry>
<entry>Scaler/0 compose selection rectangle</entry>
<entry>Scaler/1 format</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Initial state</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure frontend sink format</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
<entry>(default)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler sink format</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>0,0/2046x1534</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler sink compose selection</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2048x1536/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry>2046x1534/SGRBG8_1X8</entry>
<entry><emphasis>0,0/1280x960</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>1280x960/SGRBG8_1X8</emphasis></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Initial state. The sensor source pad format is
set to its native 3MP size and V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG8_1X8
media bus code. Formats on the host frontend and scaler sink
and source pads have the default values, as well as the
compose rectangle on the scaler's sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the frontend sink
pad format's size to 2048x1536 and its media bus code to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8. The driver propagates the format to
the frontend source pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the scaler sink pad
format's size to 2046x1534 and the media bus code to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8 to match the frontend source size and
media bus code. The media bus code on the sink pad is set to
V4L2_MBUS_FMT_SGRBG_1X8. The driver propagates the size to the
compose selection rectangle on the scaler's sink pad, and the
format to the scaler source pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the size of the compose
selection rectangle of the scaler's sink pad 1280x960. The driver
propagates the size to the scaler's source pad
format.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>When satisfied with the try results, applications can set the active
formats by setting the <structfield>which</structfield> argument to
<constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE</constant>. Active formats are changed
exactly as try formats by drivers. To avoid modifying the hardware state
during format negotiation, applications should negotiate try formats first
and then modify the active settings using the try formats returned during
the last negotiation iteration. This guarantees that the active format
will be applied as-is by the driver without being modified.
</para>
</section>
<section id="v4l2-subdev-selections">
<title>Selections: cropping, scaling and composition</title>
<para>Many sub-devices support cropping frames on their input or output
pads (or possible even on both). Cropping is used to select the area of
interest in an image, typically on an image sensor or a video decoder. It can
also be used as part of digital zoom implementations to select the area of
the image that will be scaled up.</para>
<para>Crop settings are defined by a crop rectangle and represented in a
&v4l2-rect; by the coordinates of the top left corner and the rectangle
size. Both the coordinates and sizes are expressed in pixels.</para>
<para>As for pad formats, drivers store try and active
rectangles for the selection targets <xref
linkend="v4l2-selections-common" />.</para>
<para>On sink pads, cropping is applied relative to the
current pad format. The pad format represents the image size as
received by the sub-device from the previous block in the
pipeline, and the crop rectangle represents the sub-image that
will be transmitted further inside the sub-device for
processing.</para>
<para>The scaling operation changes the size of the image by
scaling it to new dimensions. The scaling ratio isn't specified
explicitly, but is implied from the original and scaled image
sizes. Both sizes are represented by &v4l2-rect;.</para>
<para>Scaling support is optional. When supported by a subdev,
the crop rectangle on the subdev's sink pad is scaled to the
size configured using the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-SELECTION; IOCTL
using <constant>V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE</constant>
selection target on the same pad. If the subdev supports scaling
but not composing, the top and left values are not used and must
always be set to zero.</para>
<para>On source pads, cropping is similar to sink pads, with the
exception that the source size from which the cropping is
performed, is the COMPOSE rectangle on the sink pad. In both
sink and source pads, the crop rectangle must be entirely
contained inside the source image size for the crop
operation.</para>
<para>The drivers should always use the closest possible
rectangle the user requests on all selection targets, unless
specifically told otherwise.
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE</constant> flags may be
used to round the image size either up or down. <xref
linkend="v4l2-selection-flags" /></para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Types of selection targets</title>
<section>
<title>Actual targets</title>
<para>Actual targets (without a postfix) reflect the actual
hardware configuration at any point of time. There is a BOUNDS
target corresponding to every actual target.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>BOUNDS targets</title>
<para>BOUNDS targets is the smallest rectangle that contains all
valid actual rectangles. It may not be possible to set the actual
rectangle as large as the BOUNDS rectangle, however. This may be
because e.g. a sensor's pixel array is not rectangular but
cross-shaped or round. The maximum size may also be smaller than the
BOUNDS rectangle.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Order of configuration and format propagation</title>
<para>Inside subdevs, the order of image processing steps will
always be from the sink pad towards the source pad. This is also
reflected in the order in which the configuration must be
performed by the user: the changes made will be propagated to
any subsequent stages. If this behaviour is not desired, the
user must set
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG</constant> flag. This
flag causes no propagation of the changes are allowed in any
circumstances. This may also cause the accessed rectangle to be
adjusted by the driver, depending on the properties of the
underlying hardware.</para>
<para>The coordinates to a step always refer to the actual size
of the previous step. The exception to this rule is the source
compose rectangle, which refers to the sink compose bounds
rectangle --- if it is supported by the hardware.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Sink pad format. The user configures the sink pad
format. This format defines the parameters of the image the
entity receives through the pad for further processing.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual crop selection. The sink pad crop
defines the crop performed to the sink pad format.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual compose selection. The size of the
sink pad compose rectangle defines the scaling ratio compared
to the size of the sink pad crop rectangle. The location of
the compose rectangle specifies the location of the actual
sink compose rectangle in the sink compose bounds
rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad actual crop selection. Crop on the source
pad defines crop performed to the image in the sink compose
bounds rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad format. The source pad format defines the
output pixel format of the subdev, as well as the other
parameters with the exception of the image width and height.
Width and height are defined by the size of the source pad
actual crop selection.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Accessing any of the above rectangles not supported by the
subdev will return <constant>EINVAL</constant>. Any rectangle
referring to a previous unsupported rectangle coordinates will
instead refer to the previous supported rectangle. For example,
if sink crop is not supported, the compose selection will refer
to the sink pad format dimensions instead.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-crop">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: simple crop example</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-crop.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In the above example, the subdev supports cropping on its
sink pad. To configure it, the user sets the media bus format on
the subdev's sink pad. Now the actual crop rectangle can be set
on the sink pad --- the location and size of this rectangle
reflect the location and size of a rectangle to be cropped from
the sink format. The size of the sink crop rectangle will also
be the size of the format of the subdev's source pad.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling with multiple sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In this example, the subdev is capable of first cropping,
then scaling and finally cropping for two source pads
individually from the resulting scaled image. The location of
the scaled image in the cropped image is ignored in sink compose
target. Both of the locations of the source crop rectangles
refer to the sink scaling rectangle, independently cropping an
area at location specified by the source crop rectangle from
it.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-full">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling and composition
with multiple sinks and sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-full.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The subdev driver supports two sink pads and two source
pads. The images from both of the sink pads are individually
cropped, then scaled and further composed on the composition
bounds rectangle. From that, two independent streams are cropped
and sent out of the subdev from the source pads.</para>
</section>
</section>
&sub-subdev-formats;

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